Recommendations for Board Assembly of Infineon Ball Grid Array Packages Additional Information Please read the Important Notice and Warnings at the end of this document Revision 4.0 www.infineon.com page 1 of 18 2020-11-09 Recommendations for Board Assembly of Infineon Ball Grid Array Packages Table of Contents Table of Contents Table of Contents ........................................................................................................................... 2 Acronyms and Abbreveations ........................................................................................................... 3 1 Package Description ............................................................................................................... 4 1.1 BGA Package Type ................................................................................................................................... 4 1.3 Package Features and General Handling Guidelines ............................................................................. 5 2 Printed Circuit Board .............................................................................................................. 7 2.1 Routing .................................................................................................................................................... 7 2.2 Pad Design ............................................................................................................................................... 7 3 PCB Assembly ........................................................................................................................ 9 3.1 Solder Paste Stencil ................................................................................................................................ 9 3.2 Solder Paste ............................................................................................................................................. 9 3.3 Component Placement ........................................................................................................................... 9 3.4 Reflow Soldering ................................................................................................................................... 10 4 Cleaning ............................................................................................................................... 11 5 Underfill ............................................................................................................................... 12 6 Inspection ............................................................................................................................ 13 6.1 Optical Solder Joint Inspection ............................................................................................................ 13 6.2 X-Ray Solder Joint Inspection ............................................................................................................... 13 7 Rework ................................................................................................................................ 15 8 References ........................................................................................................................... 16 Revision History ............................................................................................................................ 17 Additional Information 2 of 18 Revision 4.0 2020-11-09 Recommendations for Board Assembly of Infineon Ball Grid Array Packages Acronyms and Abbreveations Acronyms and Abbreveations AOI ………………………………………… Automated Optical Inspection AXI ………………………………………… Automated X-ray Inspection BGA ………………………………………… Ball Grid Array ESD ………………………………………… Electrostatic Discharge IC ………………………………………… Integrated Circuit IO ………………………………………… Input/Output LFBGA ………………………………………… Low-profile Fine-pitch Ball Grid Array NSMD ………………………………………… Non-Solder Mask Defined PG ………………………………………… Plastic Green PCB ………………………………………… Printed Circuit Board SAC ………………………………………… Tin Silver Copper (SnAgCu) SMD ………………………………………… Solder Mask Defined SMD ………………………………………… Surface-Mount Device SMT ………………………………………… Surface-Mount Technology WLB ………………………………………… Wafer-Level Ball Grid Array WLP ………………………………………… Wafer-Level Package Additional Information 3 of 18 Revision 4.0 2020-11-09 Recommendations for Board Assembly of Infineon Ball Grid Array Packages P ackage Description 1 Package Description This document provides information about the board assembly of Ball Grid Array (BGA) packages with a multi- layer glass woven epoxy substrate. The terminations consist of lead-free solder balls that allow for assembly by Surface Mount Technology (SMT). This document does not discuss Wafer-Level Ball Grid Array (WLB) packages or comparable Wafer-Level Packages (WLP). These package families are described in a separate document. 1.1 BGA Package Type Infineon BGAs are square and also available as a Low-profile Fine-pitch BGA (LFBGA) variant. BGA components typically have larger body sizes (> 17 mm edge length) compared to LFBGAs as well as higher Input/Output (IO) counts (> 208). Figure 1 shows examples of the BGA and LFBGA package families. PG-BGA packages PG = Plastic Green PG-FBGA packages L = Low-profile PG-LFBGA packages F = Fine-pitch BGA = Ball Grid Array Figure 1 Examples of BGA packages. Additional Information 4 of 18 Revision 4.0 2020-11-09 Recommendations for Board Assembly of Infineon Ball Grid Array Packages Package Description 1.3 Package Features and General Handling Guidelines General Handling Guidelines Semiconductor devices are sensitive to excessive electrostatic discharge (ESD), moisture, mechanical handling, and contamination. Therefore, they require specific precautionary measures to ensure that they are not damaged during transport, storage, handling, and processing. For further information about component handling, please refer to the General Recommendations for Board Assembly of Infineon Packages document that is available on the Infineon web page [1]. Please also feel free to contact your local sales, application, or quality engineer. Internal Construction The BGA and LFBGA components are based on a rigid multi-layer glass woven epoxy laminate substrate where the applied Integrated Circuit (IC) is over-molded by plastic. The minority of BGA components are map-molded versions, meaning they are molded in an array prior to their singulation by sawing. Consequently the mold cap extends to the substrate edge. Cavity molded BGA components are molded as individual units which results in the solder mask being visible on the top of the packages. Figure 2 shows schematic drawings of the inner setup of the two BGA types. Figure 2 Schematics of the inner setup of cavity-molded (top) and map-molded (bottom) BGA components. Additional Information 5 of 18 Revision 4.0 2020-11-09 Recommendations for Board Assembly of Infineon Ball Grid Array Packages Package Description Termination Design Generally, the solder-ball termination on a BGA package is formed on a Solder-Mask-Defined pad (SMD). Components with Non-Solder-Mask-Defined pads (NSMD) on the package are also available. Figure 3 shows the differences between both types. Figure 3 Schematic comparison of an SMD ball pad (left) and an NSMD ball pad (right) on a BGA component. Additional Information 6 of 18 Revision 4.0 2020-11-09 Recommendations for Board Assembly of Infineon Ball Grid Array Packages Printed Circuit Board 2 Printed Circuit Board 2.1 Routing The main difference between components with solder balls such as BGA and conventional SMD such as leadframe-based components is the array configuration of solder spheres on the package. This implies different concepts for routing the signal, power, and ground pins on the Printed Circuit Board (PCB). Typically fine-line PCBs with conductor width/spacing of 100 µm are necessary for routing. The specifics of the PCB design to be used strongly depend on the board technology (conventional technology with drilled vias, build- up technology with microvias), the conductor width/spacing, number of metal layers, and electrical restrictions. The PCB design and construction are key factors for achieving highly reliable solder joints. BGA packages should not be placed opposite one another on the PCB (if double sided mounting is used), because this stiffens the assembly and results in earlier solder-joint fatigue compared to a design where the components are offset. Furthermore, the board stiffness itself has a significant effect on the reliability (temperature cycling) of the solder-joint interconnect if the system is used in critical temperature-cycling conditions. The lower bending stiffness of thinner boards (e.g. 1.0 mm) improves solder-joint reliability (temperature cycling) compared to thick boards (e.g. 2.35 mm). 2.2 Pad Design The quality and reliability of interconnect solder joints to the board are affected by: Pad type (Solder Mask Defined, SMD or Non-Solder Mask Defined, NSMD) Specific pad dimensions Pad finish (also called metallization or final finish) Via layout and technology The NSMD pad type on PCB is preferred since it allows for appropriate pad precision and good board reliability. Figure 4 shows the recommended NSMD PCB pad design for BGA packages. The dimensions recommended for individual pad diameter and solder mask clearance depend on the specific component, and can be found in the package data base that is available on the Infineon web page [1]. Please choose a specific package when searching the data base, which