Comparative Assessment of Impact Potential of Social Enterprise and Government Delivery Models in India July 2019 Submitted to: Submitted by: Contents ABBREVIATIONS ............................................................................................................................................ 4 INTRODUCTION ............................................................................................................................................. 6 METHODOLOGY ............................................................................................................................................ 7 INSIGHTS AND FINDINGS ............................................................................................................................ 14 PRIMARY HEALTHCARE SOLUTION SPACE ............................................................................................... 15 Government and SE Delivery Models .................................................................................................. 15 Comparative Analysis of Impact Potential ........................................................................................... 17 Opportunities for Collaboration .......................................................................................................... 28 SECONDARY AND TERTIATY HEALTHCARE SOLUTION SPACE ................................................................. 30 Government and SE Delivery Models .................................................................................................. 30 Comparative Analysis of Impact Potential ........................................................................................... 32 Opportunities for Collaboration .......................................................................................................... 40 SCHOOLS SOLUTION SPACE ..................................................................................................................... 42 Government and SE Delivery Models .................................................................................................. 42 Comparative Analysis of Impact Potential ........................................................................................... 44 Opportunities for Collaboration .......................................................................................................... 53 TECHNICAL AND VOCATIONAL EDUCATION AND TRAINING SOLUTION SPACE ..................................... 55 Government and SE Delivery Models .................................................................................................. 55 Comparative Analysis of Impact Potential ........................................................................................... 57 Opportunities for Collaboration .......................................................................................................... 66 SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT SOLUTION SPACE .................................................................................... 67 Government and Social Enterprise (SE) Delivery Models .................................................................... 67 Comparative Analysis of Impact Potential ........................................................................................... 70 Opportunities for Collaboration .......................................................................................................... 79 CHAPTER 4: CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS ............................................................................. 81 Areas of potential intervention ............................................................................................................... 81 Recommendations on intervention design ............................................................................................. 83 Critical elements of successful collaboration between government and SEs ......................................... 88 ANNEXURE 1: SE PROFILES .......................................................................................................................... 91 ANNEXURE 2: GLOSSARY........................................................................................................................... 101 2 | P a g e Exhibits Exhibit 1: 5 key stages of the methodology adopted ..................................................................................................... 7 Exhibit 2: Solution space selection framework .............................................................................................................. 9 Exhibit 3: Brief descriptions of selected SEs ................................................................................................................. 12 Exhibit 4: Areas of impact comparison ........................................................................................................................ 13 Exhibit 5: Primary healthcare structure In India .......................................................................................................... 16 Exhibit 6: Snapshot of primary healthcare enterprises ................................................................................................ 17 Exhibit 7: Short note on Mohalla Clinics ...................................................................................................................... 23 Exhibit 8: Short note on Indian quacks ........................................................................................................................ 26 Exhibit 9: Intensity of levers across impact parameters .............................................................................................. 28 Exhibit 10: Secondary healthcare structure in India .................................................................................................... 31 Exhibit 11: Snapshot of secondary healthcare enterprises .......................................................................................... 32 Exhibit 12: Short note on First Referral Units ............................................................................................................... 35 Exhibit 13: Intensity of levers across impact parameters ............................................................................................ 40 Exhibit 14: Government delivery structure of school education in India ..................................................................... 43 Exhibit 15: Snapshot of enterprises delivering education services in India .................................................................. 44 Exhibit 16: Short note on Social Welfare Schools......................................................................................................... 47 Exhibit 17: Intensity of levers across impact parameters ............................................................................................ 53 Exhibit 18: Snapshot of TVET enterprises in India ........................................................................................................ 57 Exhibit 19: Short note on National Academy of Construction...................................................................................... 60 Exhibit 20: Intensity of levers across impact parameters ............................................................................................ 66 Exhibit 21: Municipal solid waste delivery model ........................................................................................................ 68 Exhibit 22: Snapshot of waste management enterprises in India ................................................................................ 70 Exhibit 23: Intensity of levers across impact parameters ............................................................................................ 79 Exhibit 24: Indicative structure of Social Enterprise Collaboration Lab (SECL) ............................................................ 85 Exhibit 25: Risk innovative financing mechanisms....................................................................................................... 86 Exhibit 26: Indicative structure of Social Enterprise Development Facility (SEDF) ....................................................... 87 Exhibit 27: Indicative structure of Japan-India Social Enterprise Alliance (JISEA) ........................................................ 88 3 | P a g e ABBREVIATIONS AI Artificial Intelligence AIDS Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome AMC Ahmedabad Municipal Corporation ANM Auxiliary Nurse Midwife ASHA Accredited Social Health Activists BBMP Bruhat Bengaluru Mahanagara Palike CDSS Clinical Decision Support System CEO Chief Executive Officer CFO Chief Financial Officer CHC Community Health Centre CITS Crafts Instructor Training Scheme CPHEEO Central Public Health and Environmental Engineering Organization CRM Customer Relationship Management CSR Corporate Social Responsibility DBIT Design, Build, Implement, Transfer DBMT Design, Build, Manage and Transfer DBO Design, Build, Operate DGT Directorate General of Training DWCC Dry Waste Collection Centres ECG Electrocardiography ERP Enterprise Resource Planning FRU First Referral Units GIS Geographic Information System GOI Government of India GPS Global Positioning System HIV Human Immunodeficiency Virus HTD Hire, Train and Deployment HWC Health and Wellness Centers IBM International Business Machines Corporation IEC Information, Education, Communication IHF India Health Fund IMA Indian Medical Association ISO International Organization