SCHOOL OF SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING THE PHOTOVOLTAIC ENERGY POTENTIAL OF ROOFS IN ZAOUIAT SIDI-ABDESLAM Widad Yossri May 2018 THE PHOTOVOLTAIC ENERGY POTENTIAL OF ROOFS IN ZAOUIAT SIDI-ABDESLAM Capstone Report Student Statement: I sincerely confirm that the entire work progress of this capstone project as well as the final result went in line with the applied ethics of the design process. And that, I held the safety of the public to be paramount and addressed it in the presented design wherever may be applicable. _____________________________________________________ Widad Yossri Approved by the Supervisor: _____________________________________________________ Asmae Khaldoun ii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS The completion of this project could not have been possible without the support of my professors, family and friends to whom I owe a million thanks. A dept of gratitude is also owed to my supervisor Dr. Asmae Khaldoun for her enlightening guidance throughout the project and Mr. Mitouilli Ezzaki for his immense help. Any errors found herein are my very own. iii Table of Contents ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS ......................................................................................................................... iii List of Figures ............................................................................................................................................. vii List of Tables .............................................................................................................................................. viii ABSTRACT ................................................................................................................................................. ix PRÉAMBULE ............................................................................................................................................... x 1 INTRODUCTION ...................................................................................................................................... 1 1.1 CONTEXT .......................................................................................................................................... 1 1.2 METHODOLOGY AND OBJECTIVES ............................................................................................ 2 1.3 MOTIVATION ................................................................................................................................... 3 2. STEEPLE ANALYSIS .............................................................................................................................. 4 2.1 STEEPLE OVERVIEW ...................................................................................................................... 4 2.2 STEEPLE IMPLEMENTATION ........................................................................................................ 6 2.3 STEEPLE SMART CHART ............................................................................................................... 9 3. PHOTOVOLTAICS OVERVIEW & LOCAL CONTEXT PROJECTION ........................................... 11 3.1 PHOTOVOLTAICS OVERVIEW .................................................................................................... 11 3.1.1 Photovoltaic Installations ........................................................................................................... 11 3.1.2 Photovoltaic Potential ................................................................................................................. 12 3.1.3 Potential Analysis Variables ....................................................................................................... 13 3.2 SOLAR ENERGY IN THE MOROCCAN CONTEXT ................................................................... 13 3.2.1 Solar Potential in Morocco ......................................................................................................... 13 3.2.2 The Moroccan Jurisprudence vis-à-vis Energy Efficiency and Electricity Generation .............. 14 3.2.4 Existing Grid-tied Photovoltaic Installations in Morocco .......................................................... 16 4. DOUAR ZAOUIAT SIDI-ABDESLAM: A CLOSE UP ....................................................................... 18 4.1 SOCIOECONOMIC STATUS OF THE REGION ........................................................................... 18 4.2 FIELD INVESTIGATION ................................................................................................................ 19 4.3 LOCAL INTERVIEWS .................................................................................................................... 20 5. THE SOLAR ENERGY POTENTIAL OF THE PROJECT SITE ROOF ............................................. 26 5.1 METEOROLOGICAL DATA .......................................................................................................... 26 5.2 PHOTOVOLTAIC SYSTEM ........................................................................................................... 27 5.3 SHADING SCENE ........................................................................................................................... 28 5.4 SYSTEM YIELD AND LOSSES ANALYSIS ................................................................................ 29 6. SOLAR ROOFS: A TECHNOLOGY WORTH INVESTIGATING ..................................................... 31 iv 6.1 SOLAR SHINGLES OVERVIEW ................................................................................................... 31 6.2 TECHNICAL DESCRIPTION ......................................................................................................... 32 6.3 YIELD AND EFFICIENCY ............................................................................................................. 32 6.4 DRAWBACKS ................................................................................................................................. 33 6.5 ADVANTAGES ................................................................................................................................ 34 7. PHOTOVOLTAIC TILES PHYSICAL PROPERTIES AND TESTED PERFORMANCE ................. 36 7.1 TEMPERED GLASS PV TILES CHARACTERISTICS ................................................................. 36 7.2 ELECTRICAL PROPERTIES OF A PV TILE MODULE .............................................................. 36 7.3 OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF A PV TILE MODULE ...................................................................... 37 7.4 THERMAL PROPERTIES OF A PV TILE MODULE ................................................................... 37 7.5 WIND RESISTANCE TEST ............................................................................................................ 38 8. TESLA PHOTOVOLTAIC ROOF ......................................................................................................... 39 8.1 TESLA ROOF PRODUCTS ............................................................................................................. 39 8.2 TEMPERED GLASS SHIELDING .................................................................................................. 40 8.3 TESLA Solar Tile Efficiency ............................................................................................................ 41 9. PHOTOVOLTAIC TILE: STATE-OF-THE-ART ................................................................................. 43 9.1 TESLA’S DIY PHOTOVOLTAIC TILE: GENERAL DESCRIPTION .......................................... 43 9.2 TEMPERED GLASS MAXIMUM LOAD ....................................................................................... 45 9.3 HYDROGRAPHIC COATING ........................................................................................................ 45 9.3.1 Process Overview ....................................................................................................................... 46 9.3.2 Privacy Filter DIY Substitution .................................................................................................. 46 9.4 PHOTOVOLTAIC CIRCUIT ........................................................................................................... 47 9.4.1 Technology Characteristics ........................................................................................................ 47 9.4.2 PV Connections Justification ..................................................................................................... 49 9.4.2 PV Circuit Theoretical Output per Surface ................................................................................ 53 9.4.3 PV Circuit Measured Output per Surface ................................................................................... 54 9.4.4 DIY PV Tile Efficiency Computation ........................................................................................ 56 9.5 THERMAL TESTING ...................................................................................................................... 57 9.6 ROOF EFFICIENCY OPTIMIZATION POTENTIAL .................................................................... 58 9.6.1 Overcoming System Overheating by Water Heating/Cooling ....................................................... 58 9.6.2 Reducing the Wiring Losses ........................................................................................................... 59 9.6.3 The Use of Dummy Shingles ......................................................................................................... 59 9.6.4 The Smart