TREES, SHRUBS, AND WOODY VINES OF THE HIGHLANDS AREA [Highlands USGS Quadrangle Sheet] Between 2,500 and 5,000 feet elevation All lists are alphabetical by genus and species. Notes: C = Common; In = Infrequent; R = Rare; Ex = Exotic (naturalized Eurasian) Trees: Acer pensylvanicum, Striped Maple (C) Malus sylvestris, Common Apple (Ex) Acer rubrum, Red Maple (C) Nyssa sylvatica, Blackgum (C) Acer saccharinum, Silver Maple (R) Ostrya virginiana, Hophornbeam (R) Acer saccharum, Sugar Maple (R) Oxydendrum arboretum, Sourwood (C) Acer spicatum, Mountain Maple (R) Paulownia tomentosa, Paulownia (Ex) Aesculus octandra, Yellow Buckeye (In) Picea abies, Norway Spruce (Ex) Ailanthus altissma, Tree-of-Heaven (Ex) Pinus echinata, Shortleaf Pine (In) Amelanchier laevis, Allegheny Serviceberry (C) Pinus pungens, Table Mountain Pine (R) Betula alleghaniensis, Yellow Birch (In) Pinus rigida, Pitch Pine (C) Betula lenta, Sweet Birch (C) Pinus strobus, White Pine (C) Betula nigra, River Birch (In) Pinus virginiana, Virginia Pine (In) Carpinus caroliniana, American Hornbeam (R) Platanus occidentalis, Sycamore (R) Carya cordiformis, Bitternut Hickory (R) Populus alba, White Poplar (Ex) Carya glabra, Pignut Hickory (C) Prunus persica, Common Peach (Ex) Carya ovata, Shagbark Hickory (R) Prunus serotina, Black Cherry (C) Carya tomentosa, Mockernut Hickory (C) Quercus alba, White Oak (C) Castanea dentata, American Chestnut (C) Quercus coccinea, Scarlet Oak (C) Castanea pumila, Alleghany Chinkapin (In) Quercus falcata, Southern Red Oak (R) Cornus alternafolia, Alternate-leaf Dogwood (C) Quercus prinus, Chestnut Oak (C) Cornus florida, Flowering Dogwood (C) Quercus rubra, Northern Red Oak (C) Diospyros virginiana, Persimmon (R) Quercus stellata, Post Oak (R) Fagus grandifolia, American Beech (R) Quercus velutina, Black Oak (C) Fraxinus americana, White Ash (C) Robinia pseudoacacia, Black Locust (C) Gleditsia triaconthos, Honey-Locust (R) Salix babylonica, Weeping Willow (Ex) Halesia carolina, Carolina Silverbell (C) Salix nigra, Black Willow (In) Ilex opaca, American Holly (C) Salix pentandra, Bayleafed Willow (Ex) Juglans cinera, Butternut (R) Sassafras albidum, Sassafras (C) Juglans nigra, Black Walnut (In) Sorbus americana, Mountain Ash (In) Juniperus virginiana, Eastern Red Cedar (R) Tilia americana, American Basswood (In) Liriodendron tulipifera, Tulip Poplar, Tulip-Tree (C) Tsuga Canadensis, Eastern Hemlock (C) Magnolia acuminata, Cucumber Tree (In) Tsuga caroliniana, Carolina Hemlock (In) Magnolia fraseri, Fraser Magnolia (C) Ulmus americana, American Elm (R) Magnolia tripetala, Umbrella Magnolia (R) Ulmus rubra, Slippery Elm (R) Malus angustifolia, Wild Crabapple (C) Tree/Shrubs: Leucothoe fontanesiana, Dog-Hobble (C) Leucothoe recurva, Redtwig Leucothoe (C) Alnus serrulata, Hazel Alder (C) Ligustrum vulgaris, European Privet (Ex) Aralia spinosa, Devil’s Walkingstick (In) Lonicera dioca, Mountain Honeysuckle (R) Cercis canadensis, Redbud (R) Lyonia ligustrina, Male-berry (C) Clethra acuminata, Sweet Pepperbush (C) Menziesia pilosa, Minnie-bush (In) Crataegus punctata (C. macrosperma), Hawthorn (C) Philadelphus inodorus, Scentless Mock-Orange (R) Hamamelis virginiana, Witch-Hazel (C) Physocarpus opulifolius, Ninebark (R) Ilex montana, Mountain Winterberry (C) Pyularia pubera, Buffalo Nut (C) Kalmia latifolia, Mountain Laurel (C) Rhamnus caroliniana, Carolina Buckthorn (R) Prunus americana, American Plum (In) Rhododendron arborescens, Smooth Azalea (In) Prunus angustifolia, Chickasaw Plum (In) Rhododendron calendulaceum, Flame Azalea (C) Prunus pensylvanica, Pin Cherry (C) Rhododendron minus, Carolina Rhododendron (In) Prunus virginica, Chokecherry (C) Rhododendron periclymenoides, Pinxter-Flower (In) Rhododendron catawbiense, Catawba Rhododendron (In) Rhododendron viscosum, Swamp Azalea (In) Rhododendron maximum, Rosebay Rhododendron (C) Ribes cynosbati, Prickly Gooseberry (In) Rhus copallina, Winged Sumac (C) Robinia hartwigii, Granite Dome Locust (R) Rhus glabra, Smooth Sumac (C) Robinia hispida, Bristly Locust (In) Rhus typhina, Staghorn Sumac (C) Rosa carolina, Wild Rose (In) Robinia viscosa, Clammy Locust (In) Rosa multiflora, Multiflora Rose (Ex) Salix sericea, Silky Willow (In) Rosa palustris, Swamp Rose (R) Stewartia ovata, Mountain Camellia (R) Sambucus canadensis, American Elder (C) Symplocos tinctoria, Horse-Sugar (R) Spiraea japonica, Bridal Wreath Spirea (Ex) Viburnum cassinoides, Possomhaw (In) Spiraea alba, Meadow-Sweet (In) Syringea vulgaris, Common Lilac (Ex) Vaccinium pallidum, Upland Low Blueberry (C) Vaccinium simulatum, Upland Highbush Blueberry (C) Vaccinium stamineum, Deerberry (C) Shrubs: Viburnum acerifolium, Maple-Leaved Viburnum (In) Viburnum dentatum, Arrowwood (R) Aronia arbutifolia, Red Chokeberry (In) Viburnum opulus, Snowball (Ex) Aronia melanocarpa, Black Chokeberry (In) Viburnum prunifolium, Blackhaw (In) Berberis vulgaris, Common Barberry (Ex) Xanthorhiza simplicissima, Yellowroot (In) Buckleya distichophylla, Buckleya (R) Buxus sempervirens, English Boxwood (Ex) Caulucanthus floreidus, Sweetshrub (In) Ceanothus americanus, New Jersey Tea (C) Cephalanthus occidentalis, Buttonbush (R) Woody Vines: Chaenomeles lagenaria, Japanese Quince (Ex) Chionanthus virginicus, Fringe Tree (In) Aristolochia macrophylla, Dutchman’s Pipe (In) Comptonia peregrina, Sweet-fern (In) Celastrus orbiculatus, Oriental Bittersweet (Ex) Cornus amonum, Silky Dogwood (C) Clematis viorna, Leather-Flower (In) Corylus cornuta, Beaked Hazelnut (In) Clematis virginiana, Virgin’s-Bower (C) Diervilla sessilifolia, Bush-Honeysuckle (C) Hedera helix, Boston or English Ivy (Ex) Euonymus americanus, Strawberry-bush (In) Lonicera japonica, Japanese Honeysuckle (Ex) Forsythia spp., Oriental Forsythia (Ex) Parthenocissus quinquefolia, Virginia Creeper (C) Gaylussacia ursina, Buckberry (C) Pueraria lobata, Kudzu-Vine (Ex) Hydrangea arborescens, Wild Hydrangea (C) Rhus radicans, Poison Ivy (C) Hydrangea radiata, Silverleaf Hydrangea (C) Smilax glauca, Sawbrier (C) Hypericum densiflorum, Bush Hypericum (In) Smilax hispida, Bristly Greenbrier (C) Hypericum buckleyi, Blue Ridge St. John’s Wort (In) Smilax rotundifolia, Common Catbrier (C) Ilex verticillata, Black Alder (In) Vitis aestivalis, Summer Grape (C) Juniperus communis var. depressa, Ground Juniper (R) Vitis labrusca, Fox Grape (C) Kalmia angustifolia, Sheep Laurel (R) Wisteria frutescens, Wisteria (Ex) Leiophyllum buxifolium, Sand-Myrtle (In) [Compiled by Robert Zahner, 2003-04, from the “Checklist of United States Trees” (U.S. Dept. Agric. Handbook No. 541, 1979, by E.L. Little), “Manual of the Vascular Flora of the Carolinas” by A.E. Radford et al., and other sources.] .