Oregon Invasive Species Council (Oct 2019) The Pacific Northwest as an emerging beachhead of crayfish invasions Julian D. Olden University of Washington Oregon Invasive Species Council @oldenfish October 15-16, 2019 [email protected] Signal crayfish Pacifastacus leniusculus Julian Olden (UW, [email protected]) 1 Oregon Invasive Species Council (Oct 2019) Chronology of crayfish invasions in the western U.S. P. clarkii F. neglectus F. sanbornii Oregon, Washington F. rusticus Oregon Washington Mueller (2001), Pearl et al. (2005), Oregon Bouchard (1977) Larson et al. (2010) Larson and Olden (2008) Olden et al. (2009) 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010 P. clarkii F. virilis F. virilis P. acutus Idaho Montana Idaho, Washington Washington Clark and Wroten (1978) Sheldon (1988) Clark and Lester (2005), Larson and Olden (2011) Larson and Olden (2008), Larson et al. (2010) Non-native Crayfish in the PNW Red swamp crawfish Northern crayfish Procambarus clarkii Faxonius virilis Ringed crayfish Rusty crayfish Faxonius rusticus Faxonius rusticus Julian Olden (UW, [email protected]) 2 Oregon Invasive Species Council (Oct 2019) Pathways of Crayfish Introductions • Release as live bait associated with angling • Release after educational use in classroom • Release associated with pet aquariums • Intentional introduction as forage for sportfish • Intentional introduction to golf course ponds • Intentional introduction to create harvest opportunities • Secondary spread from existing populations Impacts of Invasive Crayfish Meta-analysis of the published literature demonstrates that invasive crayfish are A B C strong interactors in food webs, imposing significant effects D E due to polytrophic, generalist feeding habits. Julian Olden (UW, [email protected]) 3 Oregon Invasive Species Council (Oct 2019) Impacts of Invasive Crayfish Non-native Crayfish in the PNW Red swamp crawfish Northern crayfish Procambarus clarkii Faxonius virilis Ringed crayfish Rusty crayfish Faxonius rusticus Faxonius rusticus Julian Olden (UW, [email protected]) 4 Oregon Invasive Species Council (Oct 2019) Rusty Crayfish Distribution US Geological Survey (2018) Diverse pathways of introduction • Bait bucket • Schools Diverse ecological impacts • Polytrophic diet • Extremely high densities Twardochleb et al. 2013, Hansen et al. 2017 Julian Olden (UW, [email protected]) 5 Oregon Invasive Species Council (Oct 2019) John Day River, OR • First occurrence west of the North American continental divide • Invaded 25 states and provinces over the past 50 years • Likely the result of a school release Columbia River Orconectes rusticus Photo credit: Jeff Gunderson Rusty crayfish distribution 0 10 20 40 Kilometers 2005 Olden et al. $ (2009) 2010 m orth nste N Sorenson et al. mai ork ower F (2012) L Upp er ma 2016 instem Messager and South £ Olden (2018) Fork Julian Olden (UW, [email protected]) 6 Oregon Invasive Species Council (Oct 2019) Rusty Crayfish Densities Objectives 1. Quantify recent and project future spread of rusty crayfish in the John Day River. 2. Evaluate the management efficiency of population control actions that allocate variable effort across both space and time. Julian Olden (UW, [email protected]) 7 Oregon Invasive Species Council (Oct 2019) Approach Spatially-explicit individual-based model HexSim • Sequential event architecture • Network structure Approach Environmental Context • Hydrography (NHD+ v2) • Flow direction • Reach gradient • Estimated mean monthly discharge • August flow > 0.25 ft3/s • Wetted width • Water temperature • Daily land surface temperature • Watershed area • Elevation Water temperature expressed as • Calendar day degree days > 6o C McNyset et al. 2015, Data from ISEMP Julian Olden (UW, [email protected]) 8 Oregon Invasive Species Council (Oct 2019) Approach Modeling Process • Model development based on literature review and rusty crayfish distribution in 2005 (Olden et al. 2009) and 2010 (Sorenson et al. 2012) • Forecast to 2016 and model validation test • Re-calibrate and forecast to 2025 • Assess management scenarios Model structure HexSim Julian Olden (UW, [email protected]) 9 Oregon Invasive Species Council (Oct 2019) Model accuracy 2005: Presence: 86% Absence: 80% Model accuracy 2010: Presence: 87% Absence: 80% Model accuracy 2016: Presence: 84% Absence: 74% Invasion Extent Julian Olden (UW, [email protected]) 10 Oregon Invasive Species Council (Oct 2019) Preventing New Introductions Controlling or Eradicating Existing Populations et al. (2011) Gherardi Low Medium High - irrelevant ? unknown Modified from Julian Olden (UW, [email protected]) 11 Oregon Invasive Species Council (Oct 2019) Physical Removal Additional infestations of rusty crayfish Summit Prairie Pond Beulah Reservoir Julian Olden (UW, [email protected]) 12 Oregon Invasive Species Council (Oct 2019) Management strategies • Explored different control • Estimated required strategies that involved trapping effort to achieve varying levels of crayfish management outcomes removal occurring at different starting years Controlling rusty crayfish spread 2001 2009 2017 Julian Olden (UW, [email protected]) 13 Oregon Invasive Species Council (Oct 2019) Trap 50% of population yearly starting in 2001 2009 2017 Controlling population size Julian Olden (UW, [email protected]) 14 Oregon Invasive Species Council (Oct 2019) Conclusion • Invasive crayfish represent a significant, yet largely overlooked, threat to freshwater ecosystems of PNW • New populations of invasive crayfish are discovered constantly, and the rate of secondary spread can be rapid • Early response remains critical, but strong management actions could still substantially decrease densities and future spread of existing populations • Greater partnerships between scientists and natural resource managers is need to tackle this challenge Need work in support of management 1. Monitoring for early detection of rusty crayfish Julian Olden (UW, [email protected]) 15 Oregon Invasive Species Council (Oct 2019) https://tinyurl.com/y2txcvtu Needed work in support of management 1. Monitoring for early detection of rusty crayfish 2. Assessing risk to rusty crayfish invasion Julian Olden (UW, [email protected]) 16 Oregon Invasive Species Council (Oct 2019) Need work in support of management 1. Monitoring for early detection of rusty crayfish 2. Assessing risk to rusty crayfish invasion Need work in support of management 1. Monitoring for early detection of rusty crayfish 2. Assessing risk to rusty crayfish invasion 3. Quantify food-web impacts Julian Olden (UW, [email protected]) 17 Oregon Invasive Species Council (Oct 2019) Need work in support of management 1. Monitoring for early detection of rusty crayfish 2. Assessing risk to rusty crayfish invasion 3. Quantify food-web impacts 4. Test effectiveness of local-scale control Need work in support of management 1. Monitoring for early detection of rusty crayfish 2. Assessing risk to rusty crayfish invasion 3. Quantify food-web impacts 4. Test effectiveness of local-scale control 5. Complete an Invasive Species Action Plan Eager to collaborate!!!! Julian Olden (UW, [email protected]) 18 Oregon Invasive Species Council (Oct 2019) Thank you [email protected] @oldenfish 206-616-3112 Acknowledgements Collaborators Modeling • Eric Larson (University of Illinois) • Nathan Schumaker (EPA) • Mathis Messager • Mark Armour (EPA) • Chris Jordan (NOAA) Crayfish data • Kristina McNyset (South Fork • Jeff Adams (Sea Grant) Research) • Keith Sorenson and Steve Bollens (Washington State University) Field and lab help • Keith DeHart (ODFW) • Jacob Crunk (Puget Sound U) • Ethen Whattam (SAFS) River access • Grant County Assessor’s office • John Day Fossil Beds National Monument staff • Landowners • Burns Paiute Tribe • Western Rivers Conservancy Mason Keeler Endowed Professorship Julian Olden (UW, [email protected]) 19 .