NOVEMBER 2019 FUTURE FOOD SOURCES: MARKET DEVELOPMENTS AND INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY LANDSCAPE Primary Authors: Scott McKellar, Michael Lasek, Jemma Day, Ana Muñoz & Kyriakos Tzafestas Sector Lead: Rupert Osborn IP Pragmatics Limited London | Edinburgh | Sydney www.ip-pragmatics.com 2 | P a g e CONTENTS 1 Executive Summary ................................................................................................................... 5 2 Introduction............................................................................................................................... 7 3 Market Overview ..................................................................................................................... 12 3.1 Animal Product Replacements ......................................................................................... 12 3.1.1 Cellular Agriculture .................................................................................................. 13 3.1.2 Plant-based ‘Animal Products’ ................................................................................ 23 3.2 Alternative Protein Sources ............................................................................................. 26 3.2.1 Insects ...................................................................................................................... 27 3.2.2 Algae ........................................................................................................................ 32 3.2.3 Single-cell Protein .................................................................................................... 35 3.3 Future Farming Technologies .......................................................................................... 40 3.3.1 Precision Agriculture ............................................................................................... 42 3.3.2 Urban Farming ......................................................................................................... 43 3.3.3 Indoor Agriculture ................................................................................................... 43 3.3.4 Small Scale and In-Home Systems ........................................................................... 45 3.3.5 Supporting and Emerging Technologies .................................................................. 46 4 Deals ........................................................................................................................................ 48 4.1 Animal Product Replacements ......................................................................................... 48 4.1.1 Cellular Agriculture .................................................................................................. 48 4.1.2 Plant-Based Meat .................................................................................................... 50 4.2 Alternative Protein Sources ............................................................................................. 51 4.3 Future Farming Technologies .......................................................................................... 54 5 Key Players .............................................................................................................................. 56 5.1 Animal Product Replacements ......................................................................................... 58 5.1.1 Impossible Foods ..................................................................................................... 58 5.1.2 Beyond Meat ........................................................................................................... 58 5.1.3 Memphis Meats ...................................................................................................... 59 5.1.4 JUST ......................................................................................................................... 60 5.2 Alternative Protein Sources ............................................................................................. 60 5.2.1 Entomo Farms ......................................................................................................... 61 5.2.2 Ÿnsect ...................................................................................................................... 61 5.2.3 Triton Algae Innovations ......................................................................................... 62 5.2.4 3F BIO ...................................................................................................................... 62 5.2.5 Solar Foods .............................................................................................................. 63 5.3 Future Farming Technologies .......................................................................................... 64 © IP Pragmatics Ltd, 2019 www.ip-pragmatics.com 3 | P a g e 5.3.1 Plenty ....................................................................................................................... 65 5.3.2 Aerofarms ................................................................................................................ 66 5.3.3 BrightFarms ............................................................................................................. 66 5.3.4 Augmenta ................................................................................................................ 67 5.3.5 Hectare Agritech ...................................................................................................... 67 6 Research Landscape ................................................................................................................ 68 6.1 Alternative Protein Sources ............................................................................................. 69 6.1.1 Publications by Year ................................................................................................ 69 6.1.2 Publications by Affiliation ........................................................................................ 69 6.1.3 Publications by Country........................................................................................... 70 6.2 Future Farming Technologies .......................................................................................... 71 6.2.1 Publications by Year ................................................................................................ 71 6.2.2 Publications by Affiliation ........................................................................................ 71 6.2.3 Publications by Country........................................................................................... 72 6.3 Cultured Meat .................................................................................................................. 73 6.3.1 Publications by Year ................................................................................................ 73 6.3.2 Publications by Affiliation ........................................................................................ 74 6.3.3 Publications by Country........................................................................................... 74 6.4 Summary .......................................................................................................................... 75 7 Market Drivers and Trends ...................................................................................................... 77 7.1 Animal Product Replacements ......................................................................................... 77 7.2 Alternative Protein Sources ............................................................................................. 78 7.3 Future Farming Technologies .......................................................................................... 80 8 Barriers to Entry ...................................................................................................................... 81 9 Patent Analysis ........................................................................................................................ 84 9.1 Search Strategy ................................................................................................................ 84 9.2 Alternative Protein Sources ............................................................................................. 84 9.2.1 Patent Publishing Trends ......................................................................................... 84 9.2.2 Key Entities .............................................................................................................. 85 9.2.3 Geographical Analysis ............................................................................................. 89 9.2.4 Technology Areas .................................................................................................... 90 9.2.5 Patent Landscaping ................................................................................................. 92 9.2.6 Key Patents .............................................................................................................. 95 9.3 Future Farming Technologies .......................................................................................... 99 9.3.1 Patent Publishing Trends ......................................................................................... 99 9.3.2 Key Entities .............................................................................................................. 99 © IP Pragmatics Ltd, 2019