Diversity of coccolithophores from the Mediterranean sea during the BOUM cruise Bendif E-M., Cros L., Beaufort L., Probert, I., Young, J., and De Vargas. EPPO « Evolution du Plancton et Paléo Océans » UMR 7144, Station Biologique de Roscoff, Bretagne, France Coccolithphores Calcifying microalgae Range size: 3 to 40µm J. Young Implication of coccolithophores in global process O2 Production and CO 2 sequestration Photosynthesis Coccolithogenesis CaCO 3 sedimentation Role on ocean carbonate system DMS Local cooling effect O2 DMS production and Clouds nucleation CO 2 (Bloom auto regulation) Targeting keys groups as a proxies to study effect and organsim responses to the elevation of pCO2 Coccolithophore bloom BOUM - Sampled Stations 19 15 7 Sampling BIO B (10 stations) Parameters: CLHC MAHD AQAQ SEMM Morphogenetic Automatic (=SEMD) (+DCOC) quantitative quantitative SEM analyses of LSU rDNA clone analyses of analyses of coccolithophores libraries of haptophytes coccolithophores - (Morphology and haptophytes and diversity - CODFISH SYRACO Diversity) coccolithophores In progress In progress Analyses in Not processed yet Collaboration with Collaboration with progress Luc Beaufort Lluisa Cros (targeting key- (Cerege Aix-en- (University of groups with Provence) Barcelona) specific primers, DNA extraction) Polycrater sp. L. Cros Umbilicosphaera hulburtiana L. Cros Emiliania huxleyi L. Cros Syracosphaera pulchra L. Cros Calcidiscus leptoporus L. Cros Rhabdosphaera klaviga L. Cros Coronosphaera binodata L. Cros Periphyllophora mirabilis Syracosphaera anthos L. Cros • example of Coccolithophore used as a proxy: – Emiliania huxleyi – Preliminary study A MORPHO-GENETIC ASSESSMENT OF MICRO-EVOLUTION IN EXTANT NOELAERHABDACEAN COCCOLITHOPHORES El Mahdi Bendif 1, Ian Probert 1, Kyoko Hagino-Tomioka 2, Kazuhiro Kogame 2 , Yoshihito Takano 2, Jeremy Young 3 and Colomban de Vargas 1 1CNRS, UMR 7144 & UPMC Univ Paris 06, Equipe EPPO - Evolution du Plancton et Paléo-Océans, Station Biologique de Roscoff, 29682, France 2Division of Biological Sciences, Graduate School of Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-0810, Japan 3Palaeontology Dept., the Natural History Museum, Cromwell Road, London, SW7 5BD, UK • Order Isochrysidales • Family ISOCHRYSIDACEAE Non coccolithophores • Genus Chrysotila • Chrysotila lamellosa • Chrysotila sipitata • Genus Dicrateria • Dicrateria gilva • Dicrateria inornata • Genus Isochrysis • Isochrysis galbana • Isochrysis littoralis • Family NOËLAERHABDACEAE Coccolithophores • Genus Emiliania • Emiliania huxleyi • Genus Gephyrocapsa • Gephyrocapsa caribbeanica • Gephyrocapsa crassipons • Gephyrocapsa ericsonii Ehux Goce • Gephyrocapsa muellerae • Gephyrocapsa oceanica • Gephyrocapsa ornata • Genus Reticulofenestra • Reticulofenestra maceria Emiliania fossil record . Ehux originated very recently, ~250,000 years ago. On the right, abundance (% total calcareous nannoplankton) of Ehux (sensu lato ) skeletons in deep-sea sediments over the last 800,000 years (modified, Hine and Weaver 1998). The origin of modern humans is indicated for comparison. + Used as proxy for paleoclimate modelling (abundance seems be linked with glaciations events) + Used in paleostratigraphy to estimate Geologic periods during Quaternary Cultures Sampling (Niskin bottle or 5 µm net at 5 m depth) Media K/5, K/5 + soil extract + germanium Isolation Collection Molecular caracterisation barcoding: 28S + cox1 ......... Morphologic caracterisation • 53 strains of Noelhearhabdaceae – 13 Ehux from station C at DCM (first Ehux strains from east MS) – 15 Ehux in station B at 5m – 4 Ehux from station 19 at DCM – 9 Goce in station A at the DCM – 8 Ehux in station A at 5m – 4 Ehux in station A at DCM Good references for previous work Cold and temperate Ehux Goce Station C strain Station B Station 19 Pacific Ehux Station A strains Eastern MS Ehux specific molecular signature ?.