International Journal of English Literature and Social Sciences, 5(6) Nov-Dec 2020 | Available online: https://ijels.com/ An Analysis of Cthulhu Mythos’ Influences in Modern Western Spine-chillers Zhang Zhongjing1, Tian Chuanmao2 School of Foreign Studies, Yangtze University, Hubei, 434023 PRC China Received: 5 Oct 2020; Received in revised form: 14 Nov 2020; Accepted: 16 Nov 2020; Available online: 19 Nov 2020 ©2020 The Author(s). Published by Infogain Publication. This is an open access article under the CC BY license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). Abstract— Cthulhu mythos is the general name of a series of horror novels represented by a horror writer who named Howard Phillips Lovecraft. This artificial mythological system provides a new content for horror novels, using special images to promote the plot and to set off the atmosphere to bring readers a new horrible feeling. Although when Lovecraft was alive, readers not paid attention to his works, but in the 21th century, with the rapid development of technology and the Internet, more and more people are addicted in this strange world. Moreover, not only writers, but also video, game, animation and other fields have creators involved in it, showing the charm of Cthulhu Mythos. This paper mainly discusses the influence of the gruesome elements in Cthulhu Mythos on modern western Spine-chillers. Keywords— Howard Phillips Lovecraft, Cthulhu Mythos, Modern Western Spine-chillers. I. INTRODUCTION Most critics thought that western horror literature As one of the important type of popular literature, consisted of gothic fictions and modern horror novels. horror fiction pays more attention to the content and theme Although the horror fiction is a kind of preference which on the feeling of terror than other kind of literatures. To this belongs to a small group of people, but the desire of writers kind of fictions, Xiong Xin and Song Dengke had provided to describe the horror feeling promoted them to add their definition: gruesome elements into their works. Horror novels cause the reader to feel afraid, When people used to talk about gothic fictions, the frightened, or disgusted by guiding the prominent masters, who were as influencing as Edgar Allan emotion of terror or fear. The subtlety of Poe, come to their mind. However, today those outstanding horror novels is that people are immersed in a writers are deemed the representatives of an outdate fiction scene, shocked by some kind of foreign body style by the young people, and their works can hardly or pressure, forget time and all trifles, and stimulate the sensory feelings of the youth any more. Under completely immerse themselves in the this circumstance, a new artificial mythology system catch atmosphere created by terror. Stimulate the the people’s eyes – it called Cthulhu Mythos, which was reader's psychological and physical fear created by Howard Phillips Lovecraft in the last century. response. Horror novels may not be suitable Unfortunately Lovecraft had a few readers when he was for everyone, but this does not affect its strong alive, and he did not have some reputation until he died. literary and aesthetic appeal. (224) After H P Lovecraft passed away, August William Derleth, an important person to the whole Cthulhu Mythos, had ISSN: 2456-7620 https://dx.doi.org/10.22161/ijels.56.11 1860 International Journal of English Literature and Social Sciences, 5(6) Nov-Dec 2020 | Available online: https://ijels.com/ collected Lovecraft’s whole works about Cthulhu Mythos II. LITERATURE REVIEW and published them. Then he also helped to accomplish a 2.1An introduction of Cthulhu Mythos complete world system of Cthulhu Mythos. In a word, H P 2.1.1 Life of the author Lovecraft is the father of Cthulhu Mythos, and August helps to promote more and more people to know it. In 1890, Howard Phillips Lovecraft was born in to a wealthy family in Rhode Island. His father accumulated Actually, H P Lovecraft was seemed to be one of the considerable wealth for jewelry and mineral business, and most influencing horror fiction writers in the 20th century. his mother also had a dignified birth. But something Innumerable modern writers learn from Cthulhu Mythos, unexpected happened anytime. His father was certified and and it continued attract new writers to join the creating sent to the mental hospital when Lovecraft was three. From group. Stephen Edwin King once referred H P Lovecraft as then on, he did not meet his father until his father passed the most grand classical horror fiction author of the 20th away. Furthermore, Lovecraft had no choice but to century. From his work The Shinning, we can see the recuperate at home for his chronic psychiatric illness when influences from Cthulhu Mythos – the whole peak hotel he was nine. The misfortune came one after another, his was a closed-inferno, for whoever in this hotel finally family members were trapped in the poverty since his became insane. As a breakthrough, H P Lovecraft’s works grandfather left. They had to move out of the old residences, are much different from traditional gothic fictions. huddled in an entirely different and uncomfortable house. Today, people can not only find the gruesome Lovecraft was extremely impressed by losing his family elements of Cthulhu Mythos from literature, but also can and his mental illness afflicted him at any moment. Causing find them from modern films and television programs, even physical and mental suffering, he failed to graduate from popular computer games. The gruesome elements of high school or get a permission of Brown University, even Cthulhu Mythos has integrated into western spine-chillers, his marriage finally came to nothing. exhibited a new horror system to people around the world. As Kong Xiaoyi mentioned in the paper, And there are various kinds of aspects to study Lovecraft’s life experience had a great influence in his Cthulhu Mythos, but this paper chooses the relationship works: “The checkered experience and mental illness not between the gruesome elements of Cthulhu Mythos in only helped to improve Lovecraft’s personality, but also modern western spine-chillers. The 21th century has helped him to contact with the world of fantasy literature, witnessed the growth of the Internet, meanwhile horror which led Lovecraft to write horrible fiction without programs are becoming general things among the people, hesitation .”(80) especially the young fellows. They are unsatisfied with the Not only Kong Xiaoyi thought Lovecraft’s life conventional stimulation, and furthermore, they have an related to his works, but also Carter Lin and Joseph A Lesny appetite for the deepest dread inside them -- Cthulhu also gave the agreements: Mythos open a fresh door to them. It seems that a large number of programs make great use of the gruesome During H.P. Lovecraft’s lifetime, his elements of Cthulhu Mythos, like Aquaman,The Shining, published works include one hundred and one and so on. It’s essential and diverting to find the short stories and forty-five poems that can relationship among the gruesome elements of Cthulhu break down into two literary themes: the Mythos in modern western spine-chillers, and it will help cosmic horror of his Cthulhu Mythos and his people to know better how H. P. Lovecraft and his work Dreamland Epics inspired by the folklore of influence modern programs then to understand better what Lord Dunsany. (15) is Lovecraft’s fictions and modern culture. Lovecraft’s style of fiction brought new literary themes to the horror genre. Cosmic fear takes the place of the supernatural and mystical. The description of the physical ISSN: 2456-7620 https://dx.doi.org/10.22161/ijels.56.11 1861 International Journal of English Literature and Social Sciences, 5(6) Nov-Dec 2020 | Available online: https://ijels.com/ atmosphere immerses the reader in such detail Actually at the center of the system is Azathoth, the head of that the visuals set the suspenseful tone before Outer Gods. And Nyarlathotep, who comes into contact any action is taken. (18) with the human world more frequently and prefers to 2.1.2 Definition of Cthulhu Mythos deceive and seduce humans than other Outer Gods. At the beginning of the birth of the universe, only Azathoth existed, Cthulhu Mythos is a generic terms of the programs from Azathoth came "darkness", "nameless fog" and which used Cthulhu gruesome elements or images. It was a "chaos". The blind and foolish Azathoth first gave birth to new-born artificial mythic system, a mythic system "darkness," and "darkness" gave birth to the "supreme collected a number of writers’ works and based on mother god," Shub-Niggurath, who had a strong fertility. It American writer H P Lovecraft’s fictions, put in shape by is said that she gave birth to almost all Great Old Ones, August William Derleth . Lovecraft did not finish this including Cthulhu, and even all life. "Nameless fog" system until he died, he tried to reveal a universe without produced the "key to the door" Yog-Sothoth, knowing all order just full of chaos, but his world view was substituted the time and space, is the existence of the silver door by Derleth’s mind. Derleth put his Christian value into key. Chaos, often referred to as the messenger, is the Cthulhu Mythos, and add a new concept – Elder Gods – into symbol of ridicule and contradiction. the system. In addition to the old dominators who existed in the Because of the ups and downs of his life, Lovecraft's name of God, some sci-fi intelligent alien creatures also works are full of doubts and pessimism contrary to the spirit accounted for a number of articles, such as Mi-Go in The of the times.