Name: ---------------------- Date: ……………………. Chapter # 02 SHORT QUESTIONS & ANSWERS Text Book Exercise 1 What was the main objective of Aligarh Movement? The basic and main objectives of Aligarh Movement are stated as under. To build mutual trust and confidence between British government and Muslims. To motivate and pursue Muslims to attain modern knowledge and English language. To keep Muslims away from politics. 2 Which factors led Indian Muslims to establish Muslim League? Following reasons forced the Muslims to establish their own political party to protect their interests. 1. Behaviour of Indian National Congress towards Muslims. 2. Partition of Bengal and Hindu Reaction 3. Urdu Hindi Controversy 4. Success of Simla Deputation 5. Deprivations of the Muslims 6. Negative Role of Hindu Sectarian Parties 7- Hindu National Movements (Hindu Mahasabha, Arya Samaj, Brahmo Samaj ) 3 Why Hijrat Movement started? In 1920 Some Muslim scholars (Abu Al Kalama Azad & Abdul Bari Farangi Mahalli ) declared India as “Dar ul Harab” and motivated Muslims to migrate towards a Muslim country. Thousands of Muslim families sold their properties and left for Afghanistan. Afghan government refused to accept them and closed the borders. The Muslim families became victim of poverty and helplessness. 4 What was important decision of Radcliffe Award? Cyril John Radcliffe , a British barrister was sent to India on 8th July 1947 to demarcate boundaries of Punjab and Bengal. A commission was formed which included two Muslims and two non-Muslim judges for the partition of Punjab and Bengal each. These two commissions were headed by Radcliffe. Their decision is called Radcliffe award. According to it Muslim majority areas of Punjab were unjustly handed over to India.Tehsil Zira of District Foirozpur and Pathankot, Ambala and Gurdas pur were given to India which caused Kashmir Issue. Head works of Madhupur and Firozpur were handed over to India which created water problem for Pakistan. 5 Which early problems were faced by Government of Pakistan? Name any three. 1. Unjust Radcliffe Award 2. Refugee Problem 3. Kashmir Issue 4. Asset Problem 5. Death of Quaid e Azam 6 Who has supreme authority in Pakistan according to Objective Resolution? On March 12, 1949 Prime Minister Liaquat Ali Khan moved Objective Resolution in Constituent Assembly of Pakistan. According to this resolution Allah almighty is the supreme ruler of Pakistan and He has ultimate authority. 7 Write the three important features of 1956 Constitution? First Constitution of Pakistan was presented by Ch. Muhammad Ali Prime Minister of Pakistan. It was promulgated in March 23, 1956. Its important features are as under. Federal System of Government was recommended. Urdu and Bengali were announced as the Official languages of Pakistan. Parliamentary form of Government was provided. Independence of Judiciary was guaranteed. A unicameral legislature was introduced. 8 Write an introduction of Basic Democracies system of 1959. General Ayub Khan introduced a new system of Basic Democracies. According to this system people of Pakistan were to elect Basic Democracies Members. These members formed an electoral college to elect The President, the National Assembly and the Provincial Assemblies. This system had five tiers. 1- Union Council 2- Tehsil Council 3- District Council 4- Divisional Council 5- Provincial Advisory Council Unseen Short Questions 1 Write the names of members of Cabinet Mission Plan 1946. The names of Cabinet Mission Plan are as under. 1- Sir Stafford Cripps 1- Mr. A.V. Alexander 1- Lord Pethic Lawrence 2 Write the names of five ministers of Muslim League in Interim Government 1946. Following five ministers joined Interim Government in October 1946. 1- Nawabzada Liaquat Ali Khan 2- Sardar Abdul Rab Nishtar 3- Ibrahim Ismail Chundrigar 4- Raja Ghazanfar Ali Khan 5- Jogendra Nath Mandal 3 How did Quaid e Azam get the title of “Ambassador of Hindu Muslim unity”? In 1916, with the efforts of Quaid e Azam an agreement was signed between Muslim League and Congress at Lucknow. According to this agreement congress accepted and recognized the right of Separate Electorates for Muslims. It was a great achievement. A renowned Congress leader Mrs. Sarojini Naidu gave the title of “Ambassador of Hindu Muslim Unity” to Mr. Jinnah. 4 What was Mujahideen Movement? It was an armed movement of Muslims against Sikh rule in Punjab and KPK. Its leaders were Syed Ahmed Shaheed and Syed Ismail Shaheed. Both leaders were martyred at battle of Balakot in 1831. 5 What was Faraizi Movement? Haji Shariat Ullah of Bengal was a reformist. He started this movement. He worked to remove un- Islamic practices among Muslims. The term Faraizi is derived from 'farz' meaning obligatory duties commanded by Allah. The Faraizis are, therefore, those who aimed at enforcing the obligatory religious duties. 6 Write a short note on One Unit? To create parity between East and West Pakistan, four provinces of Sindh, Punjab, NWFP and Balochistan were merged into one unit in 14 October 1955. New province was called West Pakistan. The province of East Bengal, (now Bangladesh) was renamed East Pakistan with the provincial capital at Dacca. Gen. Yahya Khan abolished One Unit in 1970. 7 What is an Ordinance? It is an executive order given by President which is not passed by an assembly. It has a limit of three months. 8 Write a note on Muslim Family Laws. Gen. Ayub Khan promulgated Muslim Family Laws Ordinances 1961. According to this ordinance: All Muslim marriages were to be registered in Union Councils. Minimum age limit for marriage was fixed; 18 years for boys and 16 years for girls. An iddat period of 90 days was fixed in case of Divorce. Consent of first wife was made mandatory for second marriage. Orphaned grand children were given share in property of their grandparents. 9 Write a brief note on 1965 Elections. Ayub Khan was elected president in 1960 by BD members. Next Presidential Elections were held in 1965. Ayub Khan had to contest against Miss Fatima Jinnah who was candidate of COP. People of Pakistan wanted to elect Miss Fatima Jinnah but Ayub Khan was elected as president by a large majority. 10 Define Economic Development. According to Prof. Arthur Lewis “Increase in production of goods and services is called economic development”. .