CITY GOVERNMENT OF NAGA City Planning and Development Office Ecological Profile of the City of Naga 2016-30 Volume III Draft | August 2017 TABLE OF CONTENTS TABLE OF CONTENTS i LIST OF TABLES AND FIGURES iii CHAPTER 1. INTRODUCTION 1 Brief history 1 i i CHAPTER 2. GEOPHYSICAL ENVIRONMENT 14 Physical profile 4 The Naga River watershed 6 Biodiversity areas 7 Environmental and natural resources accounting 7 CHAPTER 3. CLIMATE CHANGE ADAPTATION AND DISASTER RISK 11 REDUCTION Local climate change scenario 11 Elements, sectors and institutions exposed to climate change impacts 12 Summary of findings of vulnerability assessment 15 GHG emission assessment 17 Disaster risk reduction and management 18 CHAPTER 4. POPULATION AND SOCIAL PROFILE 22 Demography 22 Population count and trends 22 Age-sex structure 22 Population density 23 Migration 23 Poverty incidence 23 Social services 24 Education 24 Health 25 Housing 26 Protective services 27 CHAPTER 5. THE LOCAL ECONOMY 32 Structure 32 Trade, commerce and services 32 Agriculture 33 Manufacturing 33 PropertyPro development 34 TourismTou 34 Tou i CHAPTER 6. INFRASTRUCTURE AND ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH 37 Infrastructure 37 Roads and bridges 37 Road gap 37 Land transport 37 Air transport 38 Rail and water transport 38 Communication 39 Waterworks 39 Power 40 Environment 41 Solid waste management 41 Air quality 42 Water quality 42 Greenhouse gas emission 42 CHAPTER 7. SPECIAL AREA STUDY: HERITAGE DISTRICT 45 Heritage district 45 Boundaries and historical sites 45 ii LIST OF TABLES 3.1 Most Intense Typhoons that Hit the Bicol Region, 1947-2006 9 3.2 Naga City Aggregate Land Cover/Land Use Changes from 2003 10 to 2010 3.3 Summary of Physical and Economic Accounts of Naga City: 10 2013-2015 3.4 Frequency Table for 1-day Rainfall (mm) based on Observed 21 Values (1951-2010) and Projected for 2020 (2006-2035): 3.5 PopulationCamarines ofSur Naga City, 1960-2015 28 3.6 Projected Population of Naga City, 2015-2050 28 3.7 Household Population of Naga City by Age Group and Sex, 28 2010 3.8 Population of Naga City by Barangay, 1990-2015 28 3.9 Occupied Housing Units by Construction Materials of the Outer 29 Walls and Roof, Naga City. 2010 3.10 Inventory of Approved Subdivisions, Naga City. 2010-16 30 3.11 Business Permits Granted by Type of Economic Activity, Naga 35 City. 2016 3.12 Existing Major Agricultural Crops By Area, Naga City. 2016 35 3.13 New Investments, Naga City. 2010-14 36 3.14 Tourist Arrivals, Naga City. 2013-14 36 3.15 Inventory of Roads, Naga City. 2015 44 3.16 Registered Motor Vehicle by Kind/Type, Naga City. 2010-15 44 3.17 Comparative Performance Indicators, Bicol Electric 44 Cooperatives. 1st Semester 2016 LIST OF FIGURES 3.1 Location Map of Naga City 4 3.2 Historical Typhoon Tracks in Naga City 5 3.3 The Naga River Watershed 6 3.4 Projected Temperature (2020), Naga City 11 3.5 Hazards Affecting Naga City 12 3.6 Population Exposed to Various Hazards, Naga City 13 3.7 Physical Assets Exposed to Various Hazards, Naga City 14 3.8 Carbon Emission of the Different Sectors in Naga 17 3.9 Projected Population, 2020-50 22 3.10 The OF Sector in Naga 23 3.11 Number of Schools in Naga City 24 3.12 Hospitals and Bed Capacity in Naga City 25 3.13 Housing Units, by Type, Naga City 26 3.14 Structure of Naga's economy 31 3.15 Agricultural Workers by Type and Sex, Naga City 32 3.16 Comparative Tourist Arrivals, 2014 33 3.17 Public Transport Vehicles in Naga City 38 3.18 Perspective of the MNWD Septage Facility in Carolina 40 3.19 Location and layout of the San Isidro SLF-cum-WTE 41 3.20 Air Quality Monitoring in Naga City, 2000-14 41 3.21 Dissolved Oxygen Levels, Naga River, 2014-15 42 3.22 GHG Emissions in Naga City 43 3.23 The proposed heritage district 45 iii iv , Chapter 1 INTRODUCTION This volume presents the Ecological Profile of Naga City. An Ecological Profile (EP) is the more comprehensive replacement of the usual socioeconomic profile, which gives equal coverage to the physical, biological, socioeconomic, cultural and built environments. It consists of three main parts: an Ecosystem Analysis, Sectoral Studies, and Special Area Study focusing on Naga’s built heritage. They are broken down into the following chapters: Chapter 1 presents a brief history of Naga City. Chapter 2 profiles the city’s geophysical environment. Chapter 3 presents the highlights of studies on local climate change adaptation and disaster risk reduction. Chapter 4 takes a closer look at the socio-demographic profile of Naga. Chapter 5 provides an overview of the local economy. Chapter 6 profiles the city’s infrastructure and environmental support systems. Last but not least, Chapter 7 looks at Naga’s heritage resources and its proposed heritage district. BRIEF HISTORY1 Pre-colonial era. Bicol region is closely allied with the confederation called the Kedatuan of Madja-as (Itself formed by Austronesian rebels against Rajah Makatunao in a civil war in Brunei), which is located in Panay island. According to the Maragtas, two Datus who followed Datu Puti eventually arrived at Taal Lake and then split up, one group settling later around Laguna de Bay, and another group pushing southward into the Bicol Peninsula, making Bicolanos an intermediate group between people from Luzon and people from the Visayas. The discovery of an ancient tomb preserved among the Bicolanos refers to some of the same deities and personages mentioned in the Maragtas examined by anthropologists during the 1920s. Spanish colonial period. In 1573, on his second expedition to this region, the conquistador Juan de Salcedo landed in a village and named it "Naga" because of the abundance of Narra trees ("Naga" in Bikol).2 In 1575, Captain Pedro de Chávez, commander of the garrison left behind by Salcedo, founded on the site of the present central business district (across the river from the original Naga) a 1 “Naga, Camarines Sur.” https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Naga,_Camarines_Sur 2The late Fr. Raul Bonoan, S.J., former president of Ateneo de Naga University, however advanced an alternative theory linking the name to the Nagas, a serpent-worshipping northern Indian tribe that settled near or around water springs. Spanish city which he named La Ciudad de Cáceres, in honor of Francisco de Sande, the governor-general and a native of the city of Cáceres in Extramadura, Spain. It was still by this name that it was identified in the papal bull of August 14, 1595 that erected the See of Cáceres, together with those of Cebú and Nueva Segovia, and made it the seat of the new bishopric under the Archdiocese of Manila. In time, the Spanish city and the native village merged into one community and became popularly known as Nueva Cáceres, to distinguish it from its namesake in Spain. It had a city government as prescribed by Spanish law, with an ayuntamiento and cabildo of its own. At the beginning of the 17th century, there were only five other ciudades in the Philippines. Nueva Cáceres remained the capital of the Ambos Camarines provinces and later of the Camarines Sur province until the formal creation of the independent chartered city of Naga under the Philippine Republic. The bishops of Cáceres occupied a unique place in the Philippine Catholic hierarchy during most of the Spanish regime. By virtue of the papal bull of Gregory XIII, ecclesiastical cases originating in the Spanish East Indies, which ordinarily were appealable to the Pope, were ordered to be terminated there and no longer elevated to Rome. Decisions of bishops were made appealable to the archbishop and those of the latter to the bishop of the nearest see. Thus, in the Philippines, the decisions of the Archbishop of Manila were subject to review by the Bishop of Cáceres whose jurisdiction then extended from the whole Bicol region, the island- province of Marinduque and the present-day Aurora, which was once part of the former Tayabas Province, which is now the province of Quezon. In this sense, bishops of Bikol were delegates of the Pope and could be considered primates of the Church of the Philippines. This was the reason why bishops of Cáceres and archbishops of Manila were sometimes engaged in interesting controversies in the sensational Naga case and in such issues as canonical visitation and the secularization of the parishes. As papal delegate, Bishop Francisco Gaínza, then concurrent bishop of Cáceres, sat in the special ecclesiastical tribunal which passed upon the civil authorities' petition to divest Fathers Burgos, Gómez, and Zamora of their priestly dignity. Gaínza did not only refuse the petition but also urged their pardon. American colonial period. With the advent of the American rule, the city was reduced to a municipality. In 1919, it lost its Spanish name and became officially known as Naga. It acquired its present city charter in 1948, and its city government was inaugurated on December 15 of the same year by virtue of Republic Act No. 305. Rep. Juan Q. Miranda sponsored this legislative act which put flesh into the city's bid to become among the only few independent component cities in the country. World War II and Japanese occupation. Naga came under Japanese occupation on December 18, 1941 following the Japanese invasion of Legazpi a few days earlier. More than three years later, on April 9, 1945, combined U.S. and Philippine Commonwealth troops under the United States Army, Philippine Commonwealth Army and the Philippine Constabulary, aided by Bicolano guerrilla resistance groups, finally liberated Naga and defeated the Imperial Japanese invaders, thus ending the war.