INFORMATION TO USERS This manuscript has been reproduced from the microfilm master. UMI films the text directly from the original or copy submitted. Thus, some thesis and dissertation copies are in typewriter face, while others may be from any type of computer printer. The quality of this reproduction is dependent upon the quality of the copy submitted. Broken or indistinct print, colored or poor quality illustrations and photographs, print bleedthrough, substandard margins, and improper alignment can adversely affect reproduction. In the unlikely event that the author did not send UMI a complete manuscript and there are missing pages, these will be noted. Also, if unauthorized copyright material had to be removed, a note will indicate the deletion. Oversize materials (e.g., maps, drawings, charts) are reproduced by sectioning the original, beginning at the upper left-hand corner and continuing from left to right in equal sections with small overlaps. Each original is also photographed in one exposure and is included in reduced form at the back of the book. Photographs included in the original manuscript have been reproduced xerographically in this copy. Higher quality 6" x 9" black and white photographic prints are available for any photographs or illustrations appearing in this copy for an additional charge. Contact UMI directly to order. University Microfilms International A Bell & Howell Information Com pany 300 North Zeeb Road, Ann Arbor, Ml 48106-1346 USA 313/761-4700 800/521-0600 Order Number 9316147 Colonization of potato fields by postdiapause Colorado potato beetles, Leptinotarsa decemlineata (Say) East, David Andrew, Ph.D. The Ohio State University, 1993 UMI 300 N. Zeeb Rd. Ann Arbor, MI 48106 COLONIZATION OF POTATO FIELDS BY POSTDIAPAUSE COLORADO POTATO BEETLES, LEPTINOTARSA DECEMLINEATA (SAY) DISSERTATION Presented in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirement for the Degree Doctor of Philosophy in the Graduate School of The Ohio State University by David Andrew East, B.S., M.S. ***** The Ohio State University 1993 Dissertation Examination Committee: Approved by C.W. Hoy P. L. Phelan J. Cardina D. J. Horn 'Adviser/ Department of Entomology Copyright by David Andrew East 1993 To my wife Janet and my Parents ii ACKNOWLEDGMENTS I would like to thank my advisor Dr. Casey Hoy for his guidance, help and financial support throughout my research. I thank my committee members Dr. David Horn, Dr. Larry Phelan, and Dr. John Cardina for their support and assistance. I appreciate the training and use of the Spectronics 20 spectrophototmeter provided by H. W. Ockerman. I would like to acknowledge the financial support awarded to me by Sigma Xi, the scientific society, for the CPB orientation to plant models experiment. Special thanks to Secretaries Maxine and Mabel, whose support, friendship and assistance made working at OARDC a pleasure. And to the noon Volleyball gang, whose butts I enjoyed kicking my first summer at OARDC. To my Mom and Dad, who I can never thank enough for their endless love, support, encouragement and car tires. And for my one and only snookie, my wife Jan, whose love means more to me than anything. Thanks for always being there, and for all your help on this dissertation. iii VITA June 19, 1959 ............. Born - Ashland, Oregon 1982 ....................... B.S., Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon 1983-1985 .................. U.S. Peace Corps/Jamaica 1988 ....................... M.S., Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 1989-Present .............. Graduate Research Assistant, Department of Entomology, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH PUBLICATIONS East, D.A., J.V. Edelson, E.L. Cox and M.K. Harris. 1992. Evaluation of screening methods and search for resistance in muskmelon, Cucumis melo L. to the twospotted spider mite, Tetranvchus urticae Koch. Crop Protection. 11: 39-44. Scully, B., D.A. East, J.V. Edelson and E.L. Cox. 1991. Resistance to the twospotted spider mite in muskmelon. Proc. Fla. State Hort. Soc. 104: 276-278. East, D.A., J.V. Edelson and B. Cartwright. 1989. Relative cabbage consumption by the cabbage looper (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae), beet armyworm (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) and diamondback moth (Lepidoptera: Plutellidae). J. econ. Entomol. 82: 1367-1369. FIELDS OF STUDY Major Field: Entomology Studies in Integrated Pest Management of Insect Pests of Vegetables TABLE OF CONTENTS ACKNOWLEDGMENTS ....................... iii VITA ..................................................... iv LIST OF TABLES ........................................... vi LIST OF FIGURES ........................................ ix INTRODUCTION ............................................... 1 CHAPTER PAGE I. Literature Review ............................... 3 II. Flight Initiation in the Colorado Potato Beetle Materials and Methods ......................... 17 Results and Discussion ........................ 27 III. Potato Field Colonization Materials and Methods ......................... 37 Results and Discussion ........................ 45 IV. The Orientation of Postdiapause Adult Colorado Potato Beetles to Potato Plants Materials and Methods ......................... 75 Results and Discussion ........................ 84 V. Summary and Conclusions ..................... 114 REFERENCES CITED ....................................... 117 APPENDIX ................................................ 123 V LIST OF TABLES TABLE PAGE 1. Effect of artificial light source on CPB flight initiation ................................ 27 2. Flight activity of "weak" flying CPB fed three diets ...................................... 28 3. Flight activity of non-flying CPB fed three diets ...................................... 28 4. Flight activity of three classes of CPB starved for 48 hours ............................ 29 5. Flight activity of three classes of CPB starved for 96 hours ............................ 30 6. Percent of flight of CPB due to mating status and sex .......................................... 32 7. Percent of flight of CPB due to ovipositional status and sex .......... ....................... 32 8. Greenhouse flight test on May 11, 1992 .......... 35 9. Greenhouse flight test on May 15, 1992 .......... 35 10. Greenhouse flight test on May 20, 1992 .......... 36 11. Greenhouse flight test on May 28, 1992 .......... 36 12. Greenhouse flight test on June 1, 1992 .......... 36 13. Greenhouse flight test on June 8, 1992 .......... 37 14. ANOVA results for pattern of infestation study of commercial potato fields in 1990 ....... 50 15. ANOVA results for pattern of infestation study of commercial potato fields in 1991 ....... 51 16. Mean numbers (±SEM) of adults and egg masses in unenclosed and flashing-enclosed areas ......... 54 vi 17. Denn 1992. Semi-variograms ...................... 67 18. Colonization experiment 1-1991 .................. 85 19. Colonization experiment 11-1991 ................. 87 20. Experiment II, 1991. Orthagonal contrasts for both sample dates pooled ........................ 88 21. Colonization experiment III-1991 ................ 89 22. Daily mean catches (±SE) of adult CPB for inside traps (flying beetles) for artificial plant orientation experiment, 1992 ............ 112 23. Daily mean catches (±SE) of adult CPB for outside traps (walking beetles) for artificial plant orientation experiment, 1992 ........................................... 113 24. CPB densities for sections of commercial field Rho, 1990 ................................ 124 25. CPB densities for sections of commercial field Rho II, 1990 ............................. 125 26. CPB densities for sections of commercial field Rho III, 1990 ............................ 125 27. CPB densities for commercial field Don III, 1990 ........................................... 126 28. CPB densities for sections of commercial field Mooext, 1990 ............................. 126 29. CPB densities for sections of commercial field Moo, 1990 ................................ 127 30. CPB densities for commercial field Don, 1990 ........................................... 127 31. CPB densities for OARDC field Fry 1, 1990 ..... 128 32. CPB densities for OARDC field Fry 3, 1990 ..... 129 33. CPB densities for commercial field Don 3, 1991 ........................................... 129 34. CPB densities for commercial field Don 1, 1991 ........................................... 130 vii 35. CPB densities for commercial field Don 2, 1991 ............................................ 130 36. CPB densities for commercial field Rho 1, 1 9 9 1 ..... 131 37. CPB densities for commercial field Rho 3, 1991 ............................................ 131 38. CPB densities for commercial field Rho 2, 1990 ............................................ 132 39. CPB densities for OARDC field Synder, 1991 ..... 133 40. CPB densities for commercial field Denn 4, 1991 ............................................ 133 41. CPB densities for commercial field Denn 5, 1991 ............................................ 134 42. CPB densities for commercial field Rho 4, 1991 ............................................ 134 43. CPB densities for commercial field Rho 5, 1991 ............................................ 134 44. CPB densities for commercial field Denn 2, 1991 ............................................ 135 viii LIST OF FIGURES FIGURE PAGE 1. Experimental design for experiment on colonization of a field by flying C P B .......... 40 2. Pattern of Infestation: Commercial field Rho over four sampling dates in 1990 ............ 42 3. North/south semi-variogram