Cambridge University Press 0521792975 - Surveying Instruments of Greece and Rome M. J. T. Lewis Index More information INDEX Note: page references to figures are in italic. Abdaraxos Ammonius , , Acrocorinth , , , amphitheatres Adrastus , , , , Anaximander Aegina , , Andrias Aflimun (Philo) , , , Anna Comnena , , , Africanus, Julius , –, –, , , Anonymus Byzantinus –, –, – –, , – Agatharchides , Antikythera mechanism , , , Agesistratus Antioch in Pisidia aqueduct agrimensor , , , , Antioch on Orontes aqueduct , akaina Apollodorus of Athens , , –, Alatri aqueduct , , , Albano, lake emissary , , , , Apollodorus of Damascus , , Apollonius of Perge , , Alexander of Aphrodisias , , , Apollonius, engineer Apuleius Alexandreion aqueduct aqueducts , , , , Alexandria , , arcades on , astronomy at , , bridges on , , –, , latitude of , , , , , builders of , , mechanics at , , , cascades on , Museum of , , discharge of science at , , gradients on , –, –, , surveying at , , , – passim, –, algebra , , –, , inverted siphons on , , , , alidade , , , , –, , alignment by dead reckoning –, pipelines on –, , , , , – by extrapolation , reverse gradients on , , , by geometrical construction –, , , –, – surveying of , –, , , by interpolation , , –, –, – passim by successive approximation –, surveying errors on –, –, – alpharion , and see under name of city served Alps , , , Aquileia sundial © Cambridge University Press www.cambridge.org Cambridge University Press 0521792975 - Surveying Instruments of Greece and Rome M. J. T. Lewis Index More information INDEX Arabic, reference letters in, , surveying in , –, , , , terminology in, , , , Bahr Yusuf canal translations into –, , , , balance –, , , arachne , Balbus , , , , , – Archimedes al-Battani on astronomy, – beacons –, , on circumference of earth, – Beirut aqueduct on geometry, , , , bematistai on mechanics, , –, –, , L. Betilienus Varus , – on water surface, , , , al-Biruni reference letters, – Bisitun (Bagistanos) Aristarchus Bithynia , , , Aristotle , , , , Biton , –, , , , , Aristyllus Bohemond , Arrian , Bologna aqueduct , –, , , Artemidorus , – Ashurbanipal boning boards , , , asl, aslu Brescia astrolabe , Assyria , , bridges , asteriskos , and see aqueducts and river, width of astrabister, astraphister Briord tunnel , astrolabe, armillary –, , , , Byzantium, astronomy in , –, –, surveying in , , , plane , –, , , – technology in , name synonymous with dioptra – Caesarea shadow square on , aqueduct , astrology , , , , Caligula , astronomical instruments , –, , Cambyses II , canals , , , –, , , and see names of instruments Canterbury , astronomy , , –, –, –, Cardan suspension Atabyrios , Carhaix aqueduct , Athenaeus Mechanicus , , , Carpus of Antioch –, , , – Cassiodorus , , Athens , , , , , catapults , , , , , aqueduct , , , , centuriation – Attalus, astronomer , , , Chagnon tunnel , Attalus II – chains, measuring –, –, augeion Chaireas son of Damon Avienus Chichester , , , – China , , , –, –, Babylon, science in –, –, –, Chios , , chord tables , , © Cambridge University Press www.cambridge.org Cambridge University Press 0521792975 - Surveying Instruments of Greece and Rome M. J. T. Lewis Index More information INDEX chorobates –, , , , , diaugeion Cicero , Dicaearchus –, –, , , circle, division of , –, –, , Cleomedes , , , , –, , Diodorus Siculus , , Dionysius – Cleon dioptra, as sighting tube – clocks , , , , , Hero’s –, –, –, Clodius Septiminus , – Hipparchan (four-cubit) , , , , clouds, height of , , Cologne aqueduct standard – passim, , –, Commodus , –, , –, Constantine VII Porphyrogennetos chronology of –, , Constantinople , , degree scale on , , , , aqueduct , material of hippodrome , , – not used in West? , , Contrebia Belaisca inscription reconstruction of –, – Copais tunnel , , size of cords, measuring , –, , , stand of –, –, , Corinth , universal joint on , aqueduct direction (bearing) , –, – canal , –, – and see orientation corniculi dodecahedrons – Corpus Agrimensorum , –, , Dorchester, aqueduct , , Dyrrhachium (Durazzo) , Crates of Mallos , Cremna aqueduct earth, circumference of , , , – Crimea curvature of , cross-staff (Jacob’s staff) , , ecliptic circle , , so-called, for right angles , coordinates Ctesias obliquity of , Ctesibius , , plane of cultellatio Egypt , , , , cuniculi –, , , science in , – Cyrus I , surveying in –, –, –, , – Dagon aqueduct Ephesus aqueduct Darius I , , equator, plane of , decempeda equatorial armillary degree, value of –, –, , coordinates , , and see circle, division of Eratosthenes , , , – Demetrius Poliorcetes on circumference of earth , –, diabetes , , – diagrams in treatises , , , , , on mountain heights –, , , , – © Cambridge University Press www.cambridge.org Cambridge University Press 0521792975 - Surveying Instruments of Greece and Rome M. J. T. Lewis Index More information INDEX Ermine Street , , Greece, influence of on Roman surveying Etruscans, surveying by , , , –, , grids , –, tunnels of , , –, , , groma , , –, –, – – passim Euclid , , , , , gromaticus , Eudoxus , , , , gruma, see groma Eumenes II Eupalinus , , , , , halysis exercises, surveying , , –, , hamma harbours , Ezekiel Heliodorus , , Heraclea, Italy Faventinus , Hero of Alexandria passim and Fayum, groma from , , asteriskos , –, – irrigation of – dioptra –, –, –, , –, , ferramentum , , –, – – Festus , , hodometer –, – Firdausi levelling , , , – Fontvieille tunnel other procedures , , , , Forma Urbis Romae , –, – Foss Way Herod the Great Frontinus , , , , – Herodes Atticus Fucino, lake emissary Herodotus , , , , Hieronymus of Cardia , Gadara aqueducts Hipparchus and astronomy , , –, Galen , , Gamaliel II, Rabbi , , , and circumference of earth –, Gardon, river , , , , , Gartree Road and see dioptra gears , , –, , –, Hippodamus of Miletus, Geminus , , , , , , Hippolytus Geneva aqueduct Hisdai, Rabbi , geometry , , –, , , , hodometer , –, , , –, Gerbert d’Aurillac Humeima aqueduct gnoma, gnome Hyginus Gromaticus , , , , gnomon (shadow stick) , , – for orientation , , Hypsicles for sun altitude , –, –, , Ibn al-‘Awwam , , , –, Goths Ibn al-Nadim , C. Gracchus Ibn al-Saffar , gradients xviii Ibn Lujun and see aqueducts India , , © Cambridge University Press www.cambridge.org Cambridge University Press 0521792975 - Surveying Instruments of Greece and Rome M. J. T. Lewis Index More information INDEX Iran, see Persia Leicester Iraq , , aqueduct irrigation , , length, units of xviii–xx, –, , –, channels , , , , , in Egypt , –, Lepcis Magna aqueduct in Mesopotamia lepta Islam, surveying in , , , – level, gunner’s surveying instruments in , , , Hero’s water , , –, , – plumb-line (A-frame, builder’s) , – Isthmus, see Corinth Egyptian , , Ivrea, relief of groma from , Greek –, , , , Islamic , Jacob’s staff, see cross–staff Roman , Joshua, patriarch spirit , Joshua ben Hananiah, Rabbi , U-tube – Julian of Ascalon water , , –, , , , Julius Caesar , and see individual names of levels Justinian , levelling , –, –, , –, Juvenal – with dioptra , , , , –, , Kaikos, river – and see Pergamon, aqueducts with libra – kamal with water , , , – Kamateros, John , , – Levi ben Gerson , al-Karaji, date of source of – libella , on dioptra , –, , , , libra , , , –, , on levelling , , –, , , reconstruction of –, – – librator , , on staff , , , libritor – on suspended sighting tube , , limes, German , –, –, Lincoln , , on tunnel surveying , , , aqueduct , –, linee karchesion , , Little St Bernard Pass Karun, river Liu Hui Kharga oasis , London , , , , – al-Khuwarizmi and see New River koilia Lorch Kyllene, Mount , , , , , Lupitus lychnia , Lyon aqueducts , , , Lambaesis , , Laodicea ad Lycum aqueduct Main, river latitudes –, , –, al-Mamun, caliph , © Cambridge University Press www.cambridge.org Cambridge University Press 0521792975 - Surveying Instruments of Greece and Rome M. J. T. Lewis Index More information INDEX Mappae Clavicula , , , – Necho , maps , , –, – Nemi, lake emissary , , , , Agrippa’s , , –, of Rome Nero , Ptolemys’s , , New River , , Marcellus, M. Claudius , , Nicomedes Marinus of Tyre , , Nicomedia, Bithynia , , markers –, , , , , Nile, river –, , , – and see stakes Nile–Red Sea canal –, , – Marseille , , Nîmes aqueduct , –, , , Martianus Capella , , , Masha’allah Nineveh aqueduct , mathematics , , Nipsus, M. Junius , , , , measurement of distances , –, , – , , , Nonius Datus , , – and see chains, cords, pacing and rods ‘measuring rod’, astronomical –, Oenoanda aqueduct Medway, river – Ogilby, John mensor , , Olympiodorus , meridian , , , , , , Olympus, Mount , –, , , plane of , meridional altitudes , orientation , , –, , –, armillary (ring) , , , and see direction merkhet , Mesopotamia , , pacing , , , meteoroscope , , , , paddle wheel , Meton Palladius , , , mezupit – Pangaeus mines Middle Ages, surveying in , Pappus , , , , milestones , , parallactic instrument , , Miletus , , Parthenon –, Miltenberg-Altstadt Paul of Alexandria , mining , , , , , Paul, Saint Mithridates VI Pelion, Mount , mizan , –, , –, –, Pergamon , , Moeris, lake , aqueducts , , , , , , mountains, heights of , , , , , – nursery of surveying , , murjiqal Periander , Mynas Codex , , , –, Persia , , –, , Mytilene aqueduct tunnels and surveying in , , , –, Narbonne aqueduct