National Health Policy 2016 Promoting the Health of Nigerians to Accelerate Socio-economic Development Federal Ministry of Health, September 2016 NATIONAL HEALTH POLICY 2016 Promoting the Health of Nigerians to Accelerate Socio-economic Development Federal Ministry of Health September 2016 i Table of Contents List of Abbreviations& Acronyms .................................................................................................................... v Acknowledgement ......................................................................................................................................... x Foreword ...................................................................................................................................................... xi Executive Summary ..................................................................................................................................... xiii Chapter 1: INTRODUCTION ............................................................................................................................ 1 1.1 Justification for Developing a New National Health Policy ..................................................................... 1 1.2 The National Context for Health Development ...................................................................................... 1 1.3 The Global Context for Health Development ......................................................................................... 2 1.4 The National Health Policy Development Process.................................................................................. 2 Chapter 2: SITUATION ANALYSIS ................................................................................................................... 4 2.1 Geographic, Political and Demographic Features .................................................................................. 4 2.2 Socio-economic Features .................................................................................................................... 65 2.2.1. Economic Performance ............................................................................................................... 65 2.2.2. Employment/Unemployment ........................................................................................................ 6 2.2.3. Poverty ....................................................................................................................................... 76 2.2.4. Education .................................................................................................................................... 76 2.2.5. Water and Sanitation .................................................................................................................. 87 2.2.6. The Environment ......................................................................................................................... 87 2.3 Progress in Nigeria’s Overall Health Status ............................................................................................ 8 2.4 Major Causes of the Disease Burden ................................................................................................. 109 2.5 Nigeria’s Health Systems ..................................................................................................................... 11 2.5.1. Governance and Stewardship ...................................................................................................... 11 2.5.2. Health Services ............................................................................................................................ 12 2.5.3. Health Financing ......................................................................................................................... 15 2.5.4. Human Resources for Health (HRH) ............................................................................................. 17 2.5.5. Medicines, Vaccines &Other Health Technologies ....................................................................... 20 2.5.6. Health Infrastructure ................................................................................................................... 21 2.5.7. The Health Information System (HIS) ........................................................................................... 22 2.5.8. Health Research and Development ............................................................................................. 23 2.5.9. Health Promotion, Community Ownership, and Participation ...................................................... 24 ii 2.5.10. Partnerships for Health ............................................................................................................. 25 Chapter 3: VISION, MISSION, GOAL, AND GUIDING PRINCIPLES/VALUES .................................................... 26 3.1 The Vision ........................................................................................................................................... 26 3.2 The Mission ........................................................................................................................................ 26 3.3 The Overall Policy Goal ....................................................................................................................... 26 3.4 Social Values and Guiding Principles.................................................................................................... 26 3.4.1. Social Values ............................................................................................................................... 26 3.4.2. Guiding Principles........................................................................................................................ 27 Chapter 4: POLICY OBJECTIVES AND ORIENTATIONS ................................................................................... 28 4.1 Priority Public Health and Other Health Problems ............................................................................... 28 4.1.1. Reproductive, Maternal, Neonatal, Child and Adolescent Health ................................................. 28 4.1.2. Prevention and Control of Communicable Diseases ..................................................................... 29 4.1.3. Prevention and Control of Non-Communicable Diseases (NCDs) .................................................. 32 4.1.4. Public Health Emergency Preparedness and Response ................................................................ 34 4.1.5. Other Health Problems ................................................................................................................ 35 4.1.6. Health-related Problems and Issues ............................................................................................ 37 4.2 Health Systems ................................................................................................................................... 42 4.2.1. Governance and Stewardship ...................................................................................................... 42 4.2.2. Health Service Delivery ................................................................................................................ 44 4.2.3. Health Financing ......................................................................................................................... 46 4.2.4. Human Resources for Health ....................................................................................................... 48 4.2.5. Medicines, Vaccines, Other Health Technologies ......................................................................... 49 4.2.6. Health Infrastructure ................................................................................................................... 52 4.2.7. Health Information System .......................................................................................................... 53 4.2.8. Health Research and Development ............................................................................................. 54 4.2.9. Community Ownership and Participation .................................................................................... 56 4.2.10. Partnerships for Health ............................................................................................................. 56 Chapter 5: THE IMPLEMENTATION FRAMEWORK ........................................................................................ 58 5.1 General Implementation Requirements .............................................................................................. 58 5.2 Stakeholders’ Roles and Responsibilities for the Implementation of the Policy .................................... 59 5.3 The Legal Framework .......................................................................................................................... 70 5.4 Funding of Policy Implementation ....................................................................................................... 72 iii Chapter 6: MONITORING & EVALUATION .................................................................................................... 74 6.1 The Monitoring & Evaluation Framework ............................................................................................ 74 6.2 Progress Indicators ............................................................................................................................. 75 6.3 Data Management and Feedback ...................................................................................................