AERODROME EMERGENCY PREPAREDNESS: CASE STUDY OF KISUMU AIRPORT BY: CHELULEI JERRY KIPTOO C50/70028/2007 A RESEARCH PROJECT REPORT SUBMITTED IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE AWARD OF MASTER OF ARTS IN SOCIOLOGY (DISASTER MANAGEMENT) DEGREE, DEPARTMENT OF SOCIOLOGY, FACULTY OF ARTS, UNIVERSITY OF NAIROBI. University of NAIROBI Library ilium0478946 7 OCTOBER, 2010 — Declaration This research project report is my original work and has never been presented in any other institution for the award of an academic credit. |a)|1 |2e>l<3 JERRY KIPTOO CHELULEI This research project report has been submitted for examination with my approval as the University supervisor. Signature_ Date II u V l o DR.KARATU KIEMO 11 r Dedication To my son Steve, who together we had to sacrifice precious time to be away from each other, so I could amply write this research project report. iii Acknowledgements I would like to thank my wife Catherine, for her love, support and for persistently nudging me to complete this work. To my brother Joseph thanks for your unquestionable love and unconditional support even in the most difficult of times. To my mother Veronica, father Raymond and sister Joyce thanks for your encouragement and support. To my Uncle Bernard and aunt Matilda thanks for the moral and material contribution to my education and life. I would also like to thank my supervisor Dr.Karatu Kiemo of the University of Nairobi for guiding me through this project. I am also grateful to the assistance and cooperation I received from my colleagues in the business of emergency management at Kisumu, especially during data collection. I would like to single out the Kisumu airport Manager Mr.Joseph Okumu for his advice, guidance and logistical support that was crucial to the success of this study. My heartfelt thanks go out to Mr.Gideon Ngumi, my boss and friend who always granted me permission to attend to my studies at Nairobi, despite the distance, stringent work schedules and restricted permissible off durations. Without you, this wouldn't have been possible! Above all, I give thanks to the almighty father God, for the gift of life, courage, willpower, wisdom and determination that have seen me come this far. IV Abstract The purpose of this study was to assess the extent of emergency preparedness at Kisumu airport, especially in light of the foreseen increase in risks due to increased flight operations once the current ongoing infrastructural upgrading activities are completed. This is also against the backdrop of a recent surge in aviation accidents and incidents occurring within the Kenyan airspace that require better preparedness efforts to reduce disaster damage. The study employed a case study design with the population of interest being the emergency preparedness stakeholders at Kisumu airport. Questionnaires were used to collect data from on aerodrome respondents whereas interviews were used to collect data from selected key informants within and without the aerodrome. Data was analysed both quantitatively through descriptive statistics and qualitatively through themes. The results were presented by use of tables and general statements derived from themes. The study found out that whilst the aerodrome had put in place some measures to ensure emergency preparedness, it still remained elusive. This was mainly evidenced by failure to undertake regular drills, inadequate resources especially marine rescue and medical aid related, limited community participation, limited collaboration among stakeholders, and insufficiency on adherence to regulations. The study concluded that though the aerodrome was found to be prepared for emergencies in some aspects, much more still remains to be done. Consequently, to enhance emergency preparedness the organizations concerned are advised to allocate more resources, undertake regular drills, conduct continuous staff and public awareness trainings, strengthen interagency coordination, address staff welfare issues, decentralize decision making, ensure adherence to regulations, establish aerodrome owned marine unit and improve navigation and berthing in Lake Victoria. v Table of Contents Title....................- ........................................................................................................................i Declaration................................................................................................................................. ii Dedication................................................................................................................................... iii Acknowledgements.....................................................................................................................iv Abstract........................................................................................................................................v Table of Contents........................................................................................................................ vi List of Tables and Figures...........................................................................................................viii Acronyms and Abbreviations.......................................................................................................x CHAPTER ONE: INTRODUCTION................................................................................................. 1 1.1 Background to the study.....................................................................................................1 1.2 Problem Statement............................................................................................................ 3 1.3 Objectives of the Study......................................................................................................6 1.4 Significance of the Study.................................................................................................... 6 1.5 Scope and Limitations of the Study................................................................................... 7 1.6 Definition of Key Terms...................................................................................................... 7 CHAPTER TWO: LITERATURE REVIEW........................................................................................ 9 2.1 Concept of Emergency Preparedness............................................................................. 9 2.2 A Structure for Emergency Preparedness.....................................................................10 2.3 Emergency Preparedness Measures............................................................................. 11 2.3.1. Emergency Planning and Resource allocation.....................................................11 2.3.2 Training...................................................................................................................13 2.3.3 Exercises................................................................................................................. 15 2.4 Community Participation &Stakeholder Collaboration...................................................17 2.5 Regulation.......................................................................................................................... 20 2.6 Theoretical framework...................................................................................................23 2.6.1 Risk Society, towards a new modernity..................................................................... 23 2.6.2 Systems theory...........................................................................................................24 2.7 Conceptual Framework..................................................................................................26 CHAPTER THREE: METHODS.....................................................................................................28 3.1 Type of Study...................................................................................................................28 3.2 Research Design.............................................................................................................. 28 3.3 Study Area........................................................................................................................29 3.4 Target Population............................................................................................................29 3.5 Sampling Techniques...................................................................................................... 30 3.6 Data Collection Methods and Tools...............................................................................32 3.7 Data Analysis Methods................................................................................................... 32 3.8 Constraints in Data Collection........................................................................................ 32 VI CHAPTER FOUR: DATA PRESENTATION, ANALYSIS AND INTERPRETATION 33 4.1 Questionnaire Response rate............................................................................................33 4.2 Demographics.................................................................................................................... 33 4.3 Concept of emergency preparedness.............................................................................. 35 4.4 Emergency preparedness measures................................................................................ 36 4.4.1Emergency planning.....................................................................................................