Beringvehttp://www.npr.org/templates/story/story.php?storyId=112979225 Strait Regional Bering Strait Region Energy Plan Serving the communities of: Brevig Mission Savoonga Council Shaktoolik Diomede Shishmaref Elim Saint Michael Gambell Solomon Golovin Stebbins King Island Teller Koyuk Unalakleet Mary’s Igloo Wales Nome White Mountain June 2015 Bering Strait Regional Energy Plan June 2015 Bering Strait Region: Planning Area Table of Contents Acknowledgements ................................................................................................................................... v Acronyms and Abbreviations ................................................................................................................... ix Executive Summary ....................................................................................................................................... 1 1 Introduction .......................................................................................................................................... 5 1.1 Methodology ................................................................................................................................. 6 1.2 Issues ............................................................................................................................................. 7 1.3 Vision and Goals ............................................................................................................................ 8 1.3.1 Vision ..................................................................................................................................... 8 1.3.2 Goals...................................................................................................................................... 8 1.4 Stakeholders ................................................................................................................................. 9 2 Regional Background .......................................................................................................................... 11 2.1 Location ....................................................................................................................................... 11 2.1.1 Hydrology ............................................................................................................................ 12 2.1.1 Climate ................................................................................................................................ 12 2.2 Demographics ............................................................................................................................. 13 2.2.1 Current Population .............................................................................................................. 13 2.2.2 Trends ................................................................................................................................. 14 2.2.3 Housing ............................................................................................................................... 15 2.2.1 Economy .............................................................................................................................. 17 2.3 Energy Use .................................................................................................................................. 18 2.3.1 Electricity ............................................................................................................................. 18 2.3.2 Heat ..................................................................................................................................... 18 2.3.3 Propane ............................................................................................................................... 19 2.3.4 Diesel Fuel ........................................................................................................................... 20 2.3.5 Transportation Access ......................................................................................................... 21 2.3.6 Water and Wastewater ....................................................................................................... 22 3 Regional Energy Analysis ..................................................................................................................... 25 3.1 Oil and Gas .................................................................................................................................. 25 3.2 Coal ............................................................................................................................................. 25 3.3 Geothermal ................................................................................................................................. 25 i 3.4 Hydroelectric ............................................................................................................................... 26 3.5 Biomass ....................................................................................................................................... 26 3.6 Wind ............................................................................................................................................ 27 3.7 Solar ............................................................................................................................................ 29 3.8 Other ........................................................................................................................................... 31 3.9 Energy Efficiency ......................................................................................................................... 32 3.9.1 Weatherization ................................................................................................................... 33 3.9.2 Benchmarking ..................................................................................................................... 34 3.9.3 Water and Wastewater Improvements .............................................................................. 34 3.9.4 Village Energy Efficiency Program (VEEP) ........................................................................... 35 3.10 Regional Energy Priorities ........................................................................................................... 35 4 Community Sub-Regional Summaries ................................................................................................. 39 4.1 Northern Sub-Region Profile ....................................................................................................... 40 4.1.1 Energy Issues ....................................................................................................................... 61 4.2 South-Central Sub-Region Profile ............................................................................................... 62 4.2.1 Energy Issues ....................................................................................................................... 79 4.3 Southeast Sub-Region ................................................................................................................. 80 4.3.1 Energy Issues ....................................................................................................................... 97 4.4 Saint Lawrence Island Sub-Region .............................................................................................. 98 4.4.1 Energy Issues ..................................................................................................................... 107 4.5 Nome Sub-Region ..................................................................................................................... 108 4.5.1 Energy Issues ..................................................................................................................... 113 5 Implementation Plan ........................................................................................................................ 115 5.1 Prioritized Project Action list .................................................................................................... 115 5.2 Assumptions .............................................................................................................................. 115 Figures Figure 2-1: Bering Strait Region Map .......................................................................................................... 11 Figure 2-2: State highways near Nome ....................................................................................................... 22 Figure 3-2: Pilgrim Hot Springs Map ........................................................................................................... 25 Figure 4-1: Bering Strait Region, Sub-Regions and Communities ............................................................... 39 Figure 4-2: Northern Sub-Region ................................................................................................................ 40 Figure 4-3: South-Central Sub-Region......................................................................................................... 62 ii Figure 4-4: Southeast Sub-Region Communities ........................................................................................ 80 Figure 4-5: Saint Lawrence Island Sub-Region ............................................................................................ 98 Figure 4-6: Nome Sub-Region