Northern Gateway Pipelines LP Manoeuvring Study of Escorted Tankers to and from Kitimat Real-time Simulations of Escorted Tankers bound for a Terminal at Kitimat Part 1: Executive Summary Final Report FORCE Technology no. 108 – 29930 - ES Version 4.0 FORCE Technology Project No. and Title of Report: FORCE Technology no. 108-29930 ES, Version 4.0 Manoeuvring Study of Escorted Tankers to and from Kitimat Real-time Simulations of Escorted Tankers for a Terminal at Kitimat Executive Summary Client: Client's Ref.: Northern Gateway Pipelines LP Chris Anderson Author(s): Date: January 19th 2010 Naval Architect, M.Sc. Jens Bay and Master Mariner Steffen Schultz Approved by: B Final JCB SSS 19-01-10 A Draft JCB Revision By Checked Approved Date Keywords: Classification: Manoeuvring Simulation Study with VLCC, Aframax and Open Suezmax tankers in ballast and loaded condition escorted by VSP (Voith Schneider Propulsion) tugs. Internal Confidential FORCE Technology, DMI i LIST OF CONTENTS: PAGE: 1. INTRODUCTION ................................................................................................................................................. 3 1.1 FAST-TIME SIMULATIONS .................................................................................................................................. 4 1.2 REAL-TIME SIMULATIONS .................................................................................................................................. 4 1.3 PARTICIPANTS IN REAL-TIME SIMULATIONS ....................................................................................................... 5 2. SCOPE OF WORK ............................................................................................................................................... 6 2.1 PURPOSE AND OBJECTIVES ................................................................................................................................ 6 3. METHODOLOGY ................................................................................................................................................. 7 3.1 FAST-TIME SIMULATION .................................................................................................................................... 7 3.2 MODELLING OF THE KITIMAT AREA .................................................................................................................... 8 3.3 MODELLING OF THE TANKERS AND TUGS ............................................................................................................ 9 3.4 COMBINATION OF ENVIRONMENT PARAMETERS ................................................................................................ 12 3.5 WAVE CONDITIONS ......................................................................................................................................... 13 3.6 SIMULATION METHOD ...................................................................................................................................... 14 3.7 SIMULATION SCENARIOS ................................................................................................................................. 14 3.8 ARREST SIMULATIONS ..................................................................................................................................... 15 3.9 SIMULATION EXECUTION ................................................................................................................................. 15 4. RESULTS ............................................................................................................................................................. 19 4.1 TANKERS’ MANOEUVRING PERFORMANCE ......................................................................................................... 19 4.2 NAVIGATIONAL ROUTES ................................................................................................................................... 25 4.3 PASSING OF TWO TANKERS ............................................................................................................................. 50 4.4 ENVIRONMENT LIMITS FOR SAFE NAVIGATION .................................................................................................. 51 4.5 AREAS OF CHALLENGING NAVIGATION .............................................................................................................. 51 4.6 SAFE SPEED PROFILE FOR TANKERS ................................................................................................................. 52 4.7 SUGGESTED SPEED FOR ASSISTANCE TUGS ....................................................................................................... 52 4.8 BERTHING AND UN-BERTHING AT THE TERMINAL ............................................................................................. 52 4.9 EMERGENCY MANOEUVRES ............................................................................................................................... 53 4.10 SUMMARY OF ARREST DATA ............................................................................................................................. 54 4.11 ARREST WITH SHIP ENGINE AND A 100 T BP VSP ESCORT TUG ....................................................................... 54 4.12 ARREST WITH SHIP ENGINE AND A 125 T BP VSP ESCORT TUG ....................................................................... 55 4.13 ARREST WITH SHIP ENGINE ONLY .................................................................................................................... 55 4.14 ARREST WITH ESCORT TUG ONLY..................................................................................................................... 56 5. CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS ........................................................................................... 57 5.1 ENTERING THE KITIMAT AREA FROM OPEN WATERS ......................................................................................... 57 5.2 APPROACH VIA PRINCIPE CHANNEL ................................................................................................................. 57 5.3 APPROACH VIA CAAMAÑO SOUND .................................................................................................................... 57 5.4 PASSING AND CROSSING SHIP TRAFFIC ............................................................................................................ 58 5.5 BERTHING AND UN-BERTHING MANOEUVRES .................................................................................................... 59 5.6 EMERGENCY MANOEUVRES ............................................................................................................................... 59 5.7 RECOMMENDATIONS FOR ADDITIONAL AIDS TO NAVIGATION ........................................................................... 59 5.8 PROSPECTIVE VESSEL HOLDING AREA .............................................................................................................. 59 6. REFERENCES ..................................................................................................................................................... 61 108-29930 Northern Gateway Pipelines LP JCB/SSS FORCE Technology, DMI 1 List of tables Table 3-1 Main particulars for the tankers used in this study. 9 Table 3-2 Main particulars for the traffic ships used in this study. 10 Table 3-3 Main particulars for the tugs used in this study. 11 Table 3-4 Typical example of a run list from one (R-T) simulation session with weather conditions number of tugs used and assisted ship type. 14 Table 4.1 Stop distances of 3 tanker types in ballast and loaded condition with an initial speed of 8 knots or 12 knots using ship engine only, tug only and both ship engine and tug. The tug had a bollard pull of 100 t. 55 Table 4.2 Stop distances of 3 tanker types in ballast and loaded condition with an initial speed of 8 knots or 12 knots using ship engine only, tug only and both ship engine and tug. The tug had a bollard pull of 125 t. 56 List of Figures Figure 1-1 Marine transportation route alternatives. 4 Figure 3-1 Northern (blue line) and Southern (red line) Route used for Fast-Time and Real-Time simulations 7 Figure 3-2 Overview of the approaches to Kitimat. 8 Figure 3-3 Ebb Current conditions in Wright Sound, Lewis Pass, Otter Channel, Whale Channel, Squally Channel and Nepean Sound 12 Figure 3-4 Wind from SE around Gill Island and surrounding area. The arrows shown the direction and speed of the wind at different location with a prevailing wind from SE. Note: How the wind changes direction and speed due to the mountainous terrain. 13 Figure 3-5 View from the simulator bridge on board a 200,000 dwt tanker. The terminal and a VLCC tanker along side can be seen left to centre 15 Figure 3-6 View from the simulator bridge showing the navigational equipment and control handles for the engine and rudder. 16 Figure 3-7 A tug master in front of one of the tug simulators used in the study. Note: On the visual view you can see the tow line that is connected from the tug’s bow to the tanker’s bow. This photo was taken in connection with a berthing manoeuvre close to the oil terminal 16 Figure 3-8 View from a tanker showing visual view of assisting ASD tug. 17 Figure 3-9 View of a loaded tanker and an escort tug in Douglas Channel 17 Figure 3-10 same as above, but seen from the escort tug. 18 Figure 3-11 A tug master towing in indirect escort mode on tug bridge “H” - a 360 degree field of view