Endolysins As Antibacterial Agents: from Engineering Approaches to the Uncovering of Holin As a Key Factor Influencing Lytic Activity

Endolysins As Antibacterial Agents: from Engineering Approaches to the Uncovering of Holin As a Key Factor Influencing Lytic Activity

UNIVERSIDADE DE LISBOA FACULDADE DE FARMÁCIA Endolysins as Antibacterial Agents: from Engineering Approaches to the Uncovering of Holin as a Key Factor Influencing Lytic Activity Orientador: Prof. Doutor Carlos Jorge Sousa de São-José Ana Sofia Conceição Fernandes Tese especialmente elaborada para a obtenção do grau de doutor em Farmácia, especialidade de Microbiologia. 2016 UNIVERSIDADE DE LISBOA FACULDADE DE FARMÁCIA Endolysins as Antibacterial Agents: from Engineering Approaches to the Uncovering of Holin as a Key Factor Influencing Lytic Activity Orientador: Prof. Doutor Carlos Jorge Sousa de São-José Ana Sofia Conceição Fernandes Tese especialmente elaborada para a obtenção do grau de doutor em Farmácia, especialidade de Microbiologia. Júri Presidente: Doulora Matilde da Luz dos Santos Duque da Fonseca e Castro Vogais: - Doutor Adriano José Alves de Oliveira Henriques. Professor Associado Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica da Universidade Nova de Lisboa; - Doutor Ricardo Manuel Soares Parreira, Professor Auxiliar Instituto de Higiene e Medicina Tropical da Universidade Nova de Lisboa; - Doutor Mario Nuno Ramos d´Almeida Ramirez. Professor Associado corn Agregação Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de Lisboa; - Doutor José Antonio Frazão Moniz Pereira. Professor Catedrótico Faculdade de Farmácia da Universidade de Lisboa; - Doutora Madalena Maria Vilela Pirnentel, Professora Associada Faculdade de Farmácia da Universidade de Lisboa; - Doutor Carlos Jorge Sousa de São José. Professor Auxiliar Faculdade de Farmácia da Universidade de Lisboa, Orientador. 2016 A autora da investigação descrita nesta dissertação, Ana Sofia Conceição Fernandes, teve o apoio da Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia através da concessão da bolsa de doutoramento SFRH/BD/81802/2011, com financiamento comparticipado pelo Fundo Social Europeu e por fundos nacionais do Ministério da Ciência, Tecnologia e Ensino Superior (MCTES). O trabalho apresentado nesta dissertação foi desenvolvido no Centro de Patogénese Molecular – Unidade de Retrovírus e Infeções Associadas (CPM-URIA) e no Instituto de Investigação do Medicamento (iMed.ULisboa) da Faculdade de Farmácia da Universidade de Lisboa (FFUL), sob a orientação do Prof. Dr. Carlos São-José. Os resultados descritos nesta dissertação estão incluídos nos manuscritos publicados ou submetidos para publicação abaixo indicados: Fernandes, S. and São-José, C. (2016) Probing the function of the two holin- like proteins of bacteriophage SPP1. Submitted to Virology. Fernandes, S. and São-José, C. (2016) More than a hole: The holin lethal function may be required to fully sensitize bacteria to the lytic action of canonical endolysins. Molecular Microbiology. Accepted for publication on June 21, 2016. DOI: 10.1111/mmi.13448. Fernandes, S., Proença, D., Cantante, C., Silva, F.A., Leandro, C., Lourenço, S., et al. (2012) Novel chimerical endolysins with broad antimicrobial activity against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus. Microbial Drug Resistance 18: 333-43. DOI: 10.1089/mdr. De acordo com o disposto no ponto 1 do artigo n° 45 do Regulamento de Estudos Pós- Graduados da Universidade de Lisboa, deliberação n° 4624/2012, publicado em Diário da República – II Série n° 65 – 30 de Março de 2012, a autora desta dissertação declara que participou na conceção e execução do trabalho experimental, interpretação dos resultados obtidos e redação dos manuscritos. TABLE OF CONTENTS AGRADECIMENTOS ................................................................................................................ v RESUMO ................................................................................................................................... vii ABSTRACT ................................................................................................................................. xi ABBREVIATIONS ................................................................................................................... xv CHAPTER 1. GENERAL INTRODUCTION 1.1 Bacteriophages: general features and life cycle .................................................................... 3 1.2 Bacterial cell envelope: barrier to virus entry and release .................................................... 4 1.3 Phage release from infected cells .......................................................................................... 8 1.3.1 Lysis players: holin/endolysin molecular diversity ................................................... 8 1.3.2 Lysis mechanisms in tailed phages ......................................................................... 16 1.3.2.1 Holin-dependent export of endolysins ................................................................ 19 1.3.2.2 Holin-independent export of endolysins ............................................................. 19 1.4 Lysis regulation: insights from autolysis in Gram-positive bacteria ................................... 23 1.4.1 The phenomenon of bacterial autolysis: first dissipate pmf and then lyse .............. 24 1.4.2 Autolysis regulation ................................................................................................ 26 1.5 Exploration of endolysins as antibacterial agents ............................................................... 28 1.5.1 Engineering of endolysins ....................................................................................... 29 1.5.2 Enzibiotic therapy: aren’t we missing something? .................................................. 31 1.6 Thesis goals ......................................................................................................................... 33 1.7 References ........................................................................................................................... 33 CHAPTER 2. NOVEL CHIMERICAL ENDOLYSINS WITH BROAD ANTIMICROBIAL ACTIVITY AGAINST METHICILLIN-RESISTANT STAPHYLOCOCCUS AUREUS Acknowledgments ....................................................................................................................... 55 Abstract ....................................................................................................................................... 57 2.1 Introduction ........................................................................................................................... 59 2.2 Results ............................................................................................................................... 60 2.2.1 Production of chimerical endolysins targeting S. aureus ............................................. 60 2.2.2 Lytic action of the chimerical endolysins against clinical S. aureus ............................ 63 2.2.3 Lys168-87 and Lys170-87 have a synergistic lytic effect in liquid media ................... 66 i 2.2.4 Activity of the chimerical endolysins against other Gram-positive pathogenic bacteria ........................................................................................................................................... …..67 2.3 Discussion ............................................................................................................................. 69 2.4 Materials and methods .......................................................................................................... 72 2.4.1 Bacteria, culture media and growth conditions ............................................................ 72 2.4.2 Identification and bioinformatics analysis of phage endolysins ................................... 73 2.4.3 Construction and cloning of lys168-87 and lys170-87 chimerical genes ..................... 73 2.4.4 Production and purification of the chimerical endolysins Lys168-87 and Lys170-87 ............................................................................................................................................... ..74 2.4.5 Evaluation of the lytic action of chimerical endolysins against bacterial pathogens .... 75 2.5 References ............................................................................................................................. 76 2.6 Supplementary materials ....................................................................................................... 81 2.6.1 References of tables and supplementary materials ....................................................... 93 CHAPTER 3. MORE THAN A HOLE: THE HOLIN LETHAL FUNCTION MAY BE REQUIRED TO FULLY SENSITIZE BACTERIA TO THE LYTIC ACTION OF CANONICAL ENDOLYSINS Acknowledgments ..................................................................................................................... 101 Abstract ..................................................................................................................................... 103 3.1 Introduction ......................................................................................................................... 105 3.2 Results ................................................................................................................................. 107 3.2.1 Actively growing B. subtilis cells can resist to the lytic action of secreted SPP1 endolysin ............................................................................................................................... 107 3.2.2 LySPP1-mediated lysis from without is enhanced in conditions leading to CM depolarization .......................................................................................................................

View Full Text

Details

  • File Type
    pdf
  • Upload Time
    -
  • Content Languages
    English
  • Upload User
    Anonymous/Not logged-in
  • File Pages
    219 Page
  • File Size
    -

Download

Channel Download Status
Express Download Enable

Copyright

We respect the copyrights and intellectual property rights of all users. All uploaded documents are either original works of the uploader or authorized works of the rightful owners.

  • Not to be reproduced or distributed without explicit permission.
  • Not used for commercial purposes outside of approved use cases.
  • Not used to infringe on the rights of the original creators.
  • If you believe any content infringes your copyright, please contact us immediately.

Support

For help with questions, suggestions, or problems, please contact us