Leading Research DeAnne Aguirre Karim Sabbagh Leila Hoteit Christine Rupp Empowering the Third Billion Women and the World of Work in 2012 Booz & Company Contacts Abu Dhabi Mumbai São Paulo Leila Hoteit Jai Sinha Ivan de Souza Principal Partner Senior Partner +971-2-699-2400 +91-22-6128-1102 +55-11-5501-6368 [email protected] [email protected] [email protected] Beirut Munich Shanghai Ghassan Barrage Klaus-Peter Gushurst Sarah Butler Senior Executive Advisor Senior Partner Partner +966-1-249-7781 +49-89-54525-537 +86-21-2327-9800 [email protected] [email protected] [email protected] Dubai New York Stuttgart Karim Sabbagh Reid Carpenter Christine Rupp Senior Partner Principal Partner +971-4-390-0260 +1-212-551-6389 +49-711-34226-916 [email protected] [email protected] [email protected] George Atalla Riyadh Tokyo Partner Mounira Jamjoom Akiko Karaki +202-2480-1444 Senior Research Specialist Senior Associate [email protected] +966 1 249 7781 +81-3-6757-8709 [email protected] [email protected] Milan Luigi Pugliese San Francisco Partner DeAnne Aguirre +39-02-72-50-93-03 Senior Partner [email protected] +1-415-627-3330 [email protected] Booz & Company Photo Booz & Company thanks La Pietra Coalition for its diligent efforts to call global attention to the importance of empowering the Third Billion.. Lead editor: Melissa Master Cavanaugh Editors: Paula Margulies, Caryle Murphy, Jeff Garigliano Marketing lead, Middle East: Joanne Alam Editor-in-chief, Booz & Company: Art Kleiner Index developer: Fernando Cartwright Booz & Company 1 Booz & Company wishes to thank the experts who contributed their valuable time and insights to the Third Billion Index: • Rajnee Aggarwal, President, Federation • Ambassador Moushira Khattab, Former • Kavita Ramdas, Former President of Indian Women Entrepreneurs (FIWE) Minister of Family and Population, Egypt, and CEO, Global Fund for Women; and Vice Chair of U.N. Committee on the Executive Director for Program on Social • H.E. Fatima Al Jaber, Chairperson, Abu Rights of the Child Entrepreneurship, Stanford University Dhabi Business Women’s Council • Jeni Klugman, Director, Gender and • Elizabeth Rowland, Policy Analyst, the • Dr. Haifa Jamal AlLail, President, Effat Development, World Bank American Chamber of Commerce in the Women’s University People’s Republic of China • Kara Krautter, Senior Communications • Kim Azzarelli, Vice President of New Advisor, Dell • Chiara Saraceno, former research Ventures, Newsweek/Daily Beast Women professor at the Wissenschaftszentrum in the World Foundation • Lena Lavinas, Professor of Welfare Berlin fuer Sozialforschung; honorary Economics, Institute of Economics, fellow at the Collegio Carlo Alberto, Turin, • Poyni Bhatt, CAO of SINE (Society for Federal University of Rio de Janeiro Innovation and Entrepreneurship), IIT Italy Bombay • Gayle Tzemach Lemmon, Deputy • Kumi Sato, CEO, Cosmo PR Director, Women and Foreign Policy • Cherie Blair, Founder and Patron, Cherie Program, Council on Foreign Relations • Professor Linda Scott, DP World Chair for Blair Foundation for Women Entrepreneurship and Innovation, Oxford • Beena Malikaveetil, Internal University • Elena Bonometti, Consultant, Gender Communications Expert, Amdocs and Development Group, World Bank • Monika Schulz-Strelow, President, FidAR • Flotea Massawe, Owner, Marvelous (Frauen in die Aufsichtsräte e.V) • Silvia de Torres Carbonell, Director, IAE Flotea Company Entrepreneurship Center, Austral University • Martina Schwenk, Project Manager, • Marika McCauley Sine, International Bertelsmann Stiftung • Veronica Chau, Partner, Dalberg Global Public Affairs Director, the Coca-Cola Development Advisors Company • Bhanuben Danabhai Solanki, President, Self Employed Women’s Association • María Colombo, President of the National • Noa Meyer, Global Program Director, Women’s Council, Argentina Goldman Sachs “10,000 Women” • Keiko Suzuki, Vice Chair, Human • Maria Antonietta Confalonieri, Associate Program Resources Management Committee, Professor, University of Pavia American Chamber of Commerce in • Donath Olomi, Founding Director, Japan • Joshua Cramer-Montes, University of Dar es Salaam Communications Director, Pro Mujer Entrepreneurship Centre • Tina Thomson, Global Director, UnitedSucces • Tripti Pande Desai, Head of the • Dr. Precious Moloi-Motsepe, Chair, Organizational Behavior Area, the Institute International Women’s Forum of South • Sarah Thorn, Senior Director, Federal for Integrated Learning in Management Africa–Business; Executive Director of the Government Relations, Walmart Motsepe Foundation (IILM) in New Delhi • Anna Valenzuel, Cofounder, Migux • Dr. Terry Neese, Founder and CEO, • Taryn Dinkelman, Assistant Professor, • Jackie VanderBrug, Managing Director, Dartmouth College Institute for Economic Empowerment of Women Criterion Ventures • Robert Eberhart, SPRIE Research Fellow, • Leila Velez, Cofounder, Beleza Naturals Stanford University • Lubna Olayan, Deputy Chairperson and CEO, Olayan Financing Company • Melanne Verveer, U.S. Ambassador for • Dr. Florence Eid, Founder and CEO, Global Women’s Issues Arabia Monitor • Dr. Basmah Omair, CEO of Khadijah Bint Khouwailid Businesswomen Center, • Paola Villa, Member of the Coordinating • Angie Gifford, Senior Director, Microsoft Jeddah Chamber of Commerce & Industry Team for the European Commission’s Deutschland GmbH • Maria Beatriz Orlando, Senior Social Expert Group on Gender and Employment • Stephanie Goodell, Program Director, Development Specialist, World Bank (EGGE); Professor of Economics, Dell Women’s Entrepreneur Network University of Trento • Dr. Karen Otazo, Managing Director, • Ana Recio Harvey, Director for Women’s Global Leadership Network Inc. • Tonia Warnecke, Assistant Professor Business Ownership, U.S. Small Business of International Business and Research Administration • Winnie Qian Peng, Associate Director Associate of the China Center, Rollins of Center for Asian Family Business and College • Sabine Henzler, Head of Unit, European Entrepreneurship Studies, Hong Kong Commission, Taxation and Customs Union University of Science and Technology • Bedy Yang, Founder, Brazil Innovators • Sylvia Ann Hewlett, President, Center for • Paola Perini, Consultant in Innovation • Dr. Yu Chan, Project Manager, Women Talent Innovation Management and Entrepreneurship Project initiative, Li Ka Shing Foundation • Hajime Hori, Japanese Economic • Valentina Peroni, President, Nutribaby • Mona Zulficar, founding partner and chair Planning Ministry SA, Argentina of executive committee, Zulficar & Partners law firm • Dr. Sumiko Iwao, Professor of Social • Paola Profeta, Associate Professor of Psychology at Musashi Institute of Public Economics, Università Bocconi; Technology and Member of the Council for coauthor of Donne in attesa. L’Italia delle Gender Equality disparità di genere 2 Booz & Company Contents Foreword, by Cherie Blair ................................................................ 4 Executive Summary ......................................................................... 5 I. The Origin of the Index ............................................................. 10 Methodology .............................................................................. 12 An Overview of the Findings ...................................................... 14 The Threshold to the Middle Class ............................................. 16 Quantifying the Economic Contribution of Women .................... 18 II. The Third Billion: Common Challenges around the Globe ....... 22 Third Billion Index Rankings ..................................................... 27 III. Country Profiles ...................................................................... 33 Argentina .................................................................... 33 Brazil .......................................................................... 36 China .......................................................................... 39 Germany ..................................................................... 41 India ........................................................................... 45 Italy ............................................................................ 47 Japan .......................................................................... 50 South Africa ................................................................ 53 Tanzania ..................................................................... 56 United States ............................................................... 59 Spotlight on the Middle East ......................................................... 62 Egypt .......................................................................... 63 Saudi Arabia ............................................................... 66 United Arab Emirates .................................................. 69 Coca-Cola: A Top-Down Decision to Empower Entrepreneurs ...... 72 Dell: Connecting with Entrepreneurs through Technology ............. 73 Goldman Sachs: Investing in Entrepreneurs ................................... 74 Notes ............................................................................................. 75 References ..................................................................................... 79 About the Authors ......................................................................... 81 Booz & Company 3 FOREWORD This report sheds some much-needed light on the impact