REPORT OF ASSESSMENT OF BASELINE SOCIO ECONOMIC DATA IN ENDEMIC AREAS OF TRAFFICKING IN EDO STATE SUBMITTED TO THE INTERNATIONAL ORGANIZATION FOR MIGRATION (IOM), ABUJA, NIGERIA PREPARED BY CHRISTIANA E.E. OKOJIE KOKUNRE EGHAFONA GLORIA VINCENT-OSAGHAE VICTORIA ONUOHA NOVEMBER 2009 1 TABLE OF CONTENTS Page List of Tables----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------2 List of Acronyms------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------5 Acknowledgements---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------6 Executive Summary--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------7 Map of Edo State----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------11 I INTRODUCTION----------------------------------------------------------------------------12 1.1. Background -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------12 1.2. Terms of Reference for the Assessment of Endemic Communities--------------=------12 II METHODOLOGY----------------------------------------------------------------------------13 2.1. Guide to the Assessment Exercise------------------------------------------------------------13 2.2. The Assessment Team-------------------------------------------------------------------------14 2.3. Data Collection---------------------------------------------------------------------------------14 2.4. Data Analysis/Processing.---------------------------------------------------------------------15 III THE STUDY AREAS – ENDEMIC COMMUNITIES IN EDO STATE IN EDO STATE------------------------------------------------------------------------------15 3.1. Edo State - LGAs and Population----------------------------------------------------------------15 3.2. Endemic Communities for Trafficking in Edo State------------------------------------------17 IV. RESULTS OF ASSESSMENT EXERCISE-------------------------------------------------19 4.1. EGOR LOCAL GOVERNMENT AREA----------------------------------------------------20 4.1.1. Evbuogida Community------------------------------------------------------------------------20 4.1.2. Evbuotubu Community------------------------------------------------------------------------25 4.2. IKPOBA OKHA LOCAL GOVERNMENT AREA------------------------------------32 4.2.1. Idogbo Community------------------------------------------------------------------------------32 4.2.2. Upper Sakpoba/Ihinmwinhin Community--------------------------------------------------36 4.3. OREDO LOCAL GOVERNMENT AREA-------------------------------------------------42 2 4.3.1. Iwehen Community-----------------------------------------------------------------------------42 4.3.2. Orheoghene/Ihogbe Quarters------------------------------------------------------------------48 4.4. ORHIOMWHON LOCAL GOVERNMENT AREA-----------------------------------56 4.4.1. Abudu--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------56 4.4.2. Evbuobanosa------------------------------------------------------------------------------------62 4.5. OVIA NORTH-EAST LOCAL GOVERNMENT AREA-------------------------------65 4.5.1. Evboneka(Nifor)---------------------------------------------------------------------------------65 4.5.2. Okada---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------69 4.6. OVIA SOUTH-WEST LOCAL GOVERNMENT AREA------------------------------74 4.6.1. Iguobazuwa--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------74 4.6.2. Iguoriakhi----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------78 4.7. UHUNMWODE LOCAL GOVERNMENT AREA------------------------------------83 4.7.1. Ehor-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------83 4.7.2. Ugoneki------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------89 4.8. ESAN CENTRAL LOCAL GOVERNMENT AREA-----------------------------------93 4.8.1. Ibore----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------93 4.8.2. Eko Ewu-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------99 4.9. ESAN NORTH EAST LOCAL GOVERNMENT AREA-----------------------------104 4.9.1. Arue (Uromi)----------------------------------------------------------------------------------104 4.9.2. Amendokhian----------------------------------------------------------------------------------109 4.10. ETSAKO WEST LOCAL GOVERNMENT AREA---------------------------------114 4.10.1. Afashio-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------114 4.10.2. South Ibie--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------118 5. SUMMARY OF FINDINGS AND CONCLUSION-----------------------------------124 3 5.1. SUMMARY OF FINDINGS----------------------------------------------------------------124 5. 1.1. Social Resources Available in Each Community-----------------------------------------124 5.1.2: Availability of Health Services---------------------------------------------------------------128 5.1.3. Availability and Quality of Educational Institutions--------------------------------------130 5.1.4. Availability of Recreational Facilities-------------------------------------------------------134 5.1.5. Why are Youths Trafficked out of Communities?-----------------------------------------134 5.1.6. Estimates of Trafficked Victims--------------------------------------------------------------135 5.1.7. Attitude of Community Towards Human Trafficking------------------------------------137 5.1.8. Primary Prevention Intervention Initiatives-------------------------------------------------138 5.2. RECOMMENDATIONS AND CONCLUSIONS----------------------------------------144 REFERENCES----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------145 GLOSSARY-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------145 APPENDICES Appendix 1: Community Evaluation Questionnaire-----------------------------------------------146 Appendix 2: Questionnaire/Checklist for Primary Schools--------------------------------------156 Appendix 3: Questionnaire.Checklist for Secondary Schools-----------------------------------162 Appendix 4: Interview Guide for In-depth Interview --------------------------------------------168 Appendix 5: Acknowledgement List----------------------------------------------------------------169 Appendix 6: School Enrolment Data----------------------------------------------------------------171 Appendix 7: Data Tables on Primary and Secondary Schools----------------------------------181 LIST OF TABLES Table 3.1: Local Government Areas (LGAs) in Edo State-----------------------------------------16 Table 3.2: Population of Edo State by LGA and Sex, 2006---------------------------------------16 Table: 3.3: Breakdown of Recurring Residential Areas of Victims in NAPTIP records------18 Table 3.4: Endemic LGAs and Communities in Edo State----------------------------------------18 Table 5.1: Socio-economic Resources and Economic Activities of Communities------------125 Table 5.2: Health Services Statistics – Number of Rural Health Care Facilities.-------------128 Table 5.3: Education Statistics (Public Schools In Community)-------------------------------130 Table 5.4: Estimates of Trafficked Youths by Community Leaders----------------------------135 Table 5.5: Attitude of Community Towards Trafficking-----------------------------------------137 Table 5. 6: Potential Primary Intervention Initiatives---------------------------------------------139 4 ACRONYMS CDA Community Development Association. CDC Community Development Council CHEW Community Health Extension Worker CHO Community Health Officer COSUDOW Committee for the Support of the Dignity of Women DIS Danish Immigration Service ECD Early Child Development HRH His Royal Highness ICE Institute of Continuing Education IOM International Organization for Migration JSS Junior Secondary School LGA Local Government Area NAPTIP National Agency for the Prohibition of Traffic in Persons and other related Matters NDDC Niger Delta Development Commission NEPA National Electric Power Authority NIFOR Nigerian Institute for Oil Palm Research NTA Nigerian Television Authority NYSC National Youth Service Corps. NGO Non-Governmental Organization PHC Primary Health Care PHCN Power Holding Company of Nigeria PTA Parents teachers Association PTF Petroleum Trust Fund SEED State Economic Empowerment and Development Strategy SSS Senior Secondary School UBTH University of Benin Teaching Hospital UNFPA United Nations Fund for Population Activities UNICEF United Nations Children’s Fund UNICRI United Nations International Crime Research Institute UNIDO United Nations Industrial Development organization UNODC United Nations Office on Drug and Crime 5 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS The assessment team will like to thank: All the respondents who completed the community and school questionnaires and participated in the in-depth interviews. All the names have been included in an acknowledgement list at the end of this report. Representing the communities, we wish to express our appreciation to the following: • All the Onogies, Enogies and Odionweres of all the twenty communities who completed the community questionnaires or participated