Madi•as a Education Its Strength and Weakness M UHAMMADULLAH KHALILI QASM1 — Kn<Sh 1 “"rr-• I •"IIIJill ,|.M„ ,|„ 1 ,i‘ ji- * :r i" 1 v ' i' rL ""'f »iu» ala I. ! *l* I, , ',' , 7 * "’"r," ; «* ""'"•"'I'* r« Ml •Ills’ll Internet MADRASA EDUCATION Its Strength and Weakness Internet f 9 Dent l- *- fit"i1 sk» MADRASA EDUCATION Its Strength and Weakness Complied by Muhammadullah Khalili Qasmi Published by MARKAZUL MA' ARIF EDUCATION AND RESEARCH CENTRE (MMERC) Pratikshanagar Masjid, Patliputra Nagar, Oshiwara, New Link Road, Jogeshwan (West), Mumbai-400102 (India) MANAKin association with PUBLICATIONS PVT LTD First Edition 2005 Published by MARKAZUL MA'ARIF EDUCATION AND RESEARCH CENTRE (MMERC) Prahkshanag.r MASfid. Patliputr. Nagar. Oahiwara. New Link Road. Jogeshwan (W»t). Mumbai-400102 (India) CONTENTS Phone 022-23431786/23440511/56340634 Email: KhalilideobandOyahoo.com / managerOmarkazulmaanf.org WWW.markazulmaarif.org uit ton with in assoc Foreword MANAK Introduction PUBLICATIONS PVT LTD Author's Note B-7. Saraswati Complex. Subhash Chowk. lax mi Nagar, New Delhi- 110092 1. Historical Background of Madrasas 22042529 Phone: 22453894. • Education in Islam E-mail : manak.publKahonaOhotmail.com • Learning Places in Early Days of Islam Website: www manakpublKahons.com • Roles of Mosques in Education All rights reserved • Mosques as Learning Places • Madrasas Adjacent to Mosques • Building of Madrasas C MMERC. 2005 • Madrasas in Islamic Spain • Madrasas No part of this publication may be reproduced or transmitted in Ottoman Caliphate mechanical, in any form or by any means, electronic or • Madrasas in Islamic India recording, or any information including photocopying, • First Madrasa in India storage and retrieval system, without permission • Muslim Rulers and Madrasas in writing from the publisher • A Question ISBN 81-7827-113-3 2. Freedom Movement (1857) and Madrasas layout by • A Turning Point for Madrasa P.K. Chauhan Educational Systems • 1857 and Madrasas laser Typeset by • Educational Policy of the British Government S.P. Printech, Laxnu Nagar, Delhi- 11 0092 Phone: 22514076 • Christian Missionaries and their Menace Printed in India by Nice Printing Press, New Delhi VI Madrasa Education Cowtcnts vn • Three Educational Movements of the Age • Darul Uloom Deoband • Darul Uloom Deoband ^ • Darul Uloom Nadwatul • Why This View was not implemented? Ulama, Lucknow 87 • Jamat Islami Madrasas • Did Maulana Nanautavi Oppose Sc Their Pattern of Teaching Learning English? 89 • Jamiatul Hidaya at Jaipur • Establishment of Darul Uloom Deoband A Third Type of Madrasa • Maulana Nanautavi: Founder of a 90 • Madrasa Education Boards New Madrasa System 9l • Deeni Talimi Council • Revival of Madrasa System 94 • Madrasas for Girls • Establishment of Madrasas on 96 • Subjects Taught in Darul Uloom Pattern Madrasas 98 • Subject Matters Taught • Aligarh Muslim University in Madrasas 99 • Madrasas Teach • Nadwatul Ulama. Lucknow Secular Education More than Religious Education • How was the Experience of the 10 1 Three Movements? 5 . Changes Recommended in Madrasa System 103 • Need to Teach Arabic as a Language 3 . Education Systems Through Ages 103 • Ma'ani Sc Balagat • Education System from Early Age of Islam 106 • Inclusion of History Books • Four Phases of Madrasa Education 106 • Inclusion of Tasawwuf Systems in India Books 107 • Books on Comparative • Mullah Nizamuddin Lucknowi Religion 108 • Modem Sciences • Dars-c-Nizami and Madrasas 109 • Logic and Philosophy Books • Is Mullah Nizamuddin Really the n4 • Founder of Dars-e-Nizami? Kalam Sc Aquaid U5 • Success of Dars-e-Nizami • Dawrah Hadith • Dars-e-Nizami Sc Past Educationists • Tafseer Sc Madrasas • Madrasas Forgot • Shah Waliullah Sc His Family's Their Mission 117 Educational Contribution • Short-term Courses of Islamic Studies 118 . 6. Division Between 4 Existing System of Madrasa Education Worldly and Islamic Education 120 • Number of Madrasas in India • How This Gulf Widened? l 2o • Ulama and • Number of Madrasas in Pakistan Modem Education 123 • Number of Madrasas in Bangladesh 7 . The Modem Syllabus System and Problems 129 • Number of Madrasas in Nepal & Philippine • Distinct Features of Islamic Education 129 • Madrasas in other Parts of the World • The Status of Modem Teachers 133 Madhasa Education yjH • Problem of Changing Syllabus Every Year • Shortcomings in Modem Syllabus System 134 • Change of Objectives of the Education 136 • Co-education in Modem Institutions 140 • Modem Education: in the Eyes of Shibli. Iqbal Sc Others 141 8. Modernization of Madrasas 143 • Modernization: A Political Issue 144 FOREWORD • Modernization Call By Scholars 149 in the Name ofAllah. Most Gracious. Most Merciful • Madrasas Reformed Their Syllabi 155 Madrasa 9. Misconception Regarding 160 are not Madrasa Products • Al-Qaeda Men 161 Due to the emergence of strong Taliban movement in • Indian Madrasas and Politics 162 Afghanistan. Madrasa and its curriculum has become Indo-Bangladesh Border the • Madrasas on 168 focus of attention today. It is however not the first time that • Madrasas on Indo-Nepal Si Indo-Pak Border 170 Madrasa education has come under severe scrutiny and Madrasas in Kashmir 171 • censor by the colonial and hegemonic powers rather 10. Madrasas and Media 173 have been • Madrasas tested many a times in the past. can Play Peace Role 177 leveled • Madrasas Charges against Madrasa education' today are Indian Sc Pakistani Madrasas numerous • Difference between 179 and varied. Broadly, however, they are: • Lack of Information 182 (i) Madrasa education promotes medieval attitude' • Rise in Madrasas Numbers 183 among Muslims at the cost of secular education'. (ii) Orthodoxy • Foreign Funds 185 and religious conservatism remain the • Change Hindu Schools First 186 main focus of Madrasa education'. (iii) Madrasa Education puts greater emphasis on Roles of Madrasas in Various Fields of Liff 190 theological aspect' of Islam in curriculum and Centres to Preserve Islamic Identity 190 • ignores the 'rational sciences'. National Affairs 191 • (iv) It plays the prominent role in keeping the Promotion of Education • 193 'movement of Muslim separatism' alive and; and Academic Works • Literary 195 (v) Mada'ris are 'factories of terror' and 'dens of • Muslim Leadership 196 obscurantism'. • Role of Madrasas in other Countries 197 asa Bibliography education have mercifully noted the truth that "Madrasa is Index an institution of learning where Islamic sciences including literary and philosophical ones are taught." It won't be out • Problem of Changing Syllabus Every Year 133 • Shortcomings in Modem Syllabus System 134 • Change of Objectives of the Education 136 • Co-education in Modem Institutions 140 • Modem Education: in the Eyes of Shibli, Iqbal & Others 141 Madrasas 143 8. Modernisation of FOREWORD • Modernization: A Political Issue 144 Modernization Call By Scholars 149 • In the Name ofAllah. Most Gracious. Most Merciful • Madrasas Reformed Their Syllabi 155 9. Misconception Regarding Madrasa 160 • Al-Qaeda Men are not Madrasa Products 161 to the Due emergence of strong Taliban movement in • Indian Madrasas and Politics 162 Afghanistan, Madrasa and its curriculum has become the • Madrasas on Indo-Bangladesh Border 168 focus of attention today. It is however not the first time that Indo-Ncpal & Indo-Pak Border • Madrasas on 170 Madrasa education has come under severe scrutiny and • Madrasas in Kashmir 171 censor by the colonial and hegemonic powers rather 10. • Madrasas and Media 173 Madrasas have been tested many a times in the past. • Madrasas can Play Peace Role 177 Charges leveled against 'Madrasa education' today are • Difference between Indian & Pakistani Madrasas 179 numerous and varied. Broadly, however, they arc: (i) Madrasa • Lack of Information 182 education promotes 'medieval attitude' among Muslims at the cost • Rise in Madrasas Numbers 183 of 'secular education'. (ii) Orthodoxy and religious • Foreign Funds 185 conservatism remain the main focus of Madrasa • Change Hindu Schools First 186 education'. (iii) Madrasa Education puts greater emphasis on Madrasas in Various Fields of Liff 190 Roles of 'theological aspect' of Islam in curriculum and Identity • Centres to Preserve Islamic 190 ignores the 'rational sciences'. • National Affairs 191 (iv) It plays the prominent role in keeping the • Promotion of Education 193 'movement of Muslim separatism' alive and; • Literary and Academic Works 195 (v) Mada'ris are 'factories of terror' and 'dens of • Muslim Leadership 196 obscurantism'. • Role of Madrasas in other Countries 197 Scholars who have leveled these charges against Madrasa Bibliography education have mercifully noted the truth that "Madrasa is Index an institution of learning where Islamic sciences including literary and philosophical ones are taught." It won't be out X Madras* Educa^ of place to here add the historical facts that the Foreword same M H xi education that is being maligned today of Dron^T** " Muslims as an alternative. •medieval attitude' at the cost of secular edufatW 8 Muslims were asked to take the operating as factories of colonial educational package wholly terror' and 'dens of obscurant or leave it. As a proud has produced stalwarts in the past nation they left it. such as Jabir Ihn H They left it because they (Geber - the father of Chemistry), Abu found the approach of Western Al-Qasim A1 7JO?** ( Albucacis - the aV1 thoughts and education materialistic father of modem Surgery), Ibn Al-H^ to the core whereas the (Alhazen - upbringing of the Muslim society the