TABLE OF CONTENTS 1 INTRODUCTION ....................................................................................................................................................................................................... 1 2 MODES AND TRENDS THAT FACILITATE BRT ........................................................................................................................................................ 2 2.1 Microtransit ................................................................................................................................................................................................ 2 2.2 Shared Mobility .......................................................................................................................................................................................... 2 2.3 Mobility Hubs ............................................................................................................................................................................................. 3 2.4 Curbside Management .............................................................................................................................................................................. 3 3 VEHICLES THAT SUPPORT BRT OPERATIONS ....................................................................................................................................................... 4 3.1 Automated Vehicles .................................................................................................................................................................................. 4 3.2 Connected Vehicles ................................................................................................................................................................................... 6 3.3 Alternative Fuel Vehicles ........................................................................................................................................................................... 6 4 BRT OPERATIONAL TECHNOLOGIES ...................................................................................................................................................................... 8 4.1 Charging/Refueling Infrastructure ........................................................................................................................................................... 9 4.2 Operations: Lane Configuration Options ................................................................................................................................................ 11 4.3 Intelligent Transportation System (ITS) .................................................................................................................................................. 12 4.4 Passenger Amenities ............................................................................................................................................................................... 16 4.5 BRT Variable Fare Changes and Fare-Capping ...................................................................................................................................... 18 5 GUIDANCE FOR IMPLEMENTATION ..................................................................................................................................................................... 19 5.1 Vehicles That Support BRT Operations .................................................................................................................................................. 19 5.2 Operations: Lane Configurations ............................................................................................................................................................ 20 5.3 Intelligent Transportation System (ITS) .................................................................................................................................................. 21 6 LESSONS LEARNED FROM BRT OPERATION TECHNOLOGIES ........................................................................................................................... 23 6.1 Vehicle and Infrastructure Design .......................................................................................................................................................... 23 6.2 Implementation and Operation .............................................................................................................................................................. 27 6.3 Conclusion ............................................................................................................................................................................................... 30 7 REFERENCES ........................................................................................................................................................................................................ 31 Opportunities and Challenges Assessment i July 2021 LIST OF FIGURES Figure 1: Automated Vehicle Sensors and Vision ....................................................................................................................................................... 1 Figure 2: Microtransit ................................................................................................................................................................................................... 2 Figure 3: Shared Mobility .............................................................................................................................................................................................. 2 Figure 4: Mobility Hub ................................................................................................................................................................................................... 3 Figure 5: Curbside Management Lighting and Signage ............................................................................................................................................. 3 Figure 6: Levels of Vehicle Automation ....................................................................................................................................................................... 5 Figure 7: Comparison Between Hybrid and All-Electric Powertrains ......................................................................................................................... 7 Figure 8: BRT Technologies and Example Site Plan ................................................................................................................................................... 8 Figure 9: Types of Electric Bus Charging Systems ...................................................................................................................................................... 9 Figure 10: LA Metro Orange Line BRT with Conductive Charging ............................................................................................................................ 10 Figure 11: Inductive Charging in Pavement .............................................................................................................................................................. 10 Figure 12: Exclusive Bus Lanes ................................................................................................................................................................................. 11 Figure 13: Reversible Lane ........................................................................................................................................................................................ 11 Figure 14: Queue Jump .............................................................................................................................................................................................. 12 Figure 15: On-vehicle Vision Sensor Field of View .................................................................................................................................................... 13 Figure 16: Automated Vehicle with V2X Communications ....................................................................................................................................... 15 Figure 17: Automated Enforcement on Transit Vehicle ............................................................................................................................................ 16 Figure 18: Blue Light Phones and AVTM at Bus Stop ............................................................................................................................................... 17 Figure 19: Digital Panel System ................................................................................................................................................................................. 18 Figure 20: Cleveland HealthLine BRT Vehicle ........................................................................................................................................................... 23 Figure 21: Cleveland HealthLine BRT Station ........................................................................................................................................................... 23 Figure 22: Mid-City Rapid 215 ................................................................................................................................................................................... 24 Figure 23: