COLECCIÓN DROGODEPENDENCIAS ESTUDIOS The Galician Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction General Report 2002 28 THE GALICIAN MONITORING CENTRE FOR DRUGS AND DRUG ADDICTION GENERAL REPORT 2002 PROJECT CONSULTANTS CONSULTORÍA, ESTUDIOS Y GESTIÓN DE PROYECTOS, S.L. AUTHORS JOSÉ NAVARRO BOTELLA LORENZO SÁNCHEZ PARDO THECNICAL CONSULTING AND COORDINATION MANUEL ARAÚJO GALLEGO COLLABORATORS INDALECIO CARRERA MACHADO JESÚS MORÁN IGLESIAS EDUARDO PICÓN PRADO JESÚS VARELA MALLOU TRANSLATION MARÍA JESÚS RABUÑAL CORGO Edita: Xunta de Galicia Consellería de Sanidade Comisionado do Plan de Galicia sobre Drogas ISBN: Depósito legal: Índex 1 FOREWORD AND PRESENTATION ............................................................. 5 2 CURRENT SITUATION AND TENDENCIES OF DRUG USE AND DRUG DEPENDENCY IN GALICIA .............................. 11 2.1 TENDENCIES OF DRUG USE ............................................................... 14 2.2 EVOLUTION OF DRUG USE-RELATED PROBLEMS ............................ 17 2.3 FUTURE PERSPECTIVES ...................................................................... 19 3 SOCIOLOGICAL INDICATORS AND PATTERNS OF DRUG USE .......................................................................... 21 3.1 OBJECTIVES AND METHODOLOGY OF THE PROGRAMME OF SURVEYS ON “DRUG USE IN GALICIA” 1988-2000 ................................................ 23 3.2 PREVALENCE AND PATTERNS OF USE .............................................. 28 3.3 REASONS, RISK FACTORS AND PROTECTIVE FACTORS IN DRUG USE ................................................ 54 3.4 DRUG USE-RELATED PROBLEMS ....................................................... 60 3.5 PUBLIC OPINION AND ATTITUDES TOWARDS DRUGS ............................................................................. 63 3.6 CONCLUSIONS ................................................................................... 70 4 PREVENTION INDICATORS ....................................................................... 73 4.1 LEVELS OF IMPLEMENTATION AND TYPOLOGY OF PREVENTION PROGRAMMES .................................. 77 4.2 SCHOOL PREVENTION PROGRAMME AGAINST DRUG USE (SPPDU) ........................................................... 79 4.3 FAMILY PREVENTION PROGRAMME ................................................ 83 4.4 ENHANCEMENT OF VALUES-EDUCATIONAL PROGRAMME ............................................ 84 4.5 CONCLUSIONS ................................................................................... 85 5 SOCIAL REINTEGRATION INDICATORS .................................................. 87 5.1 LEVELS OF IMPLEMENTATION AND TYPOLOGY OF SOCIAL REINTEGRATION PROGRAMMES ...................................................... 90 5.2 SOCIO-LEGAL ADVICE PROGRAMMES ............................................. 92 5.3 CONCLUSIONS ................................................................................... 93 6 TREATMENT INDICATORS ........................................................................ 95 6.1 ADMISSIONS TO TREATMENT FOR THE USE OF PSYCHOACTIVE SUBSTANCES ...................................... 97 6.2 PATIENTS ADMITTED TO THE DIFFERENT TREATMENT PROGRAMMES ................................ 100 6.3 PROFILES OF THE GPD TREATMENT NETWORK USERS ................. 104 6.4 EVALUATION OF THE TREATMENT SERVICES ................................ 119 6.5 CONCLUSIONS ................................................................................. 125 7 HEALTH-CARE INDICATORS ................................................................... 127 7.1 INFECTIOUS DISEASES ASSOCIATED WITH THE USE OF DRUGS ............................................................... 129 7.2 HOSPITAL INDICATORS .................................................................... 136 7.3 CONCLUSIONS ................................................................................. 138 8 MORTALITY INDICATORS ....................................................................... 139 8.1 MORTALITY FFROM ACUTE REACTION TO THE USE OF DRUGS ................................................................... 141 8.2 DEATHS IN ROAD ACCIDENTS ASSOSCIATED WITH THE USE OF DRUGS ............................................................... 147 8.3 MORTALITY RATE FROM AIDS AMONG DRUG USERS .................. 149 8.4 CONCLUSIONS ................................................................................. 150 9 DRUG SUPPLY INDICATORS ................................................................... 151 9.1 SUBSTANCES SEIZED ........................................................................ 153 9.2 PURITY AND PRICES OF SUBSTANCES ............................................ 159 9.3 CONCLUSIONS ................................................................................. 163 10 LEGAL-PENAL INDICATORS ................................................................... 165 10.1 ARRESTS AND REPORTS FOR DRUG TRAFFICKING ........................ 167 10.2 LEGAL PROCEEDINGS FOR DRUG TRAFFICKING ............................ 169 10.3 REPORTS FOR DRIVING WITH BLOOD ALCOHOL CONCENTRATION LEVELS OVER THE LEGAL LIMIT ....................... 171 10.4 ADMINISTRATIVE SANCTIONS FOR THE USE OF DRUGS ON THE PUBLIC HIGHWAY ........................................... 173 10.5 CONCLUSIONS ................................................................................. 174 11 GENERAL PROPOSALS OF INTERVENTION .......................................... 175 11.1 PROPOSALS OF INTERVENTION IN THE FIELD OF PREVENTION ........................................................ 177 11.2 PROPOSALS OF INTERVENTION IN THE FIELD OF TREATMENT ......................................................... 179 11.3 PROPOSALS OF INTERVENTION IN THE FIELD OF SOCIAL REINTEGRATION ..................................... 180 12 BIBLIOGRAPHY ........................................................................................ 181 1. FOREWORD AND PRESENTATION Foreword The different agencies involved in the fight against drug dependency have available today a series of data systems aimed at studying in detail the situation of drug use and abuse in all its complexity, evaluating the effectiveness and impact of the measures taken in this area, as well as planning new strategies of intervention. These systems are based on the use of several indicators, not always coinciding, and often insufficiently contrasted, with the purpose of bringing to light a reality so polycausal and dynamic as is that of drug dependency; consequently generating serious distortions in the understanding of this problem and with the possibility of causing major disagreements in the planning of the measures to be taken. Therefore there is a need to unify the data, obtained from different sources through the various systems of data gathering, which undoubtedly will enable us to have a more realistic global view. Due to the dynamism and constant evolution of drug dependency, and the need to have up-to-date, reliable and comparable information that can provide us with a detailed pic- ture of the problem, we have found it necessary to set up a work team of experts on the subject. The main objective of this team is to provide feedback on the current situation of drug dependency and to predict its likely evolution, monitoring all the data related to the topic, which come from the different sources that exist today, processing and analysing them with the purpose of evaluating the tendencies of this phenomenon in the Autonomous Community of Galicia. This need was already present among the recommendations included in the “Report of the Non-Permanent Commission for the Study of the Socio-Economic and Health-Care Repercussions of Drug-Dealing in Galicia”, passed by a plenary session of the Galician Par- liament on July 1st, 1992. This same need led the European Parliament to create the “Euro- pean Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction” in February 1993, which specifically recommended the development of similar mechanisms in the European Union member states, aimed towards fulfilling similar functions in their jurisdictions. Taking these considerations into account, the Ministry of Health and Social Services of the Galician Government (DOG n. 188, August 29th, 1995) sets up the Galician Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction in 1995. Its goal is to offer a global view on the prob- lem of drug addiction in its different aspects, thus contributing to a more suitable planning of the strategies and measures conducted by the Autonomous Administration and which, as stated in the Galician Plan on Drugs (GPD), are carried out through the Commissioner’s Office for the Galician Plan on Drugs (CGPD). 8 THE GALICIAN MONITORING CENTRE FOR DRUGS AND DRUG ADDICTION GENERAL REPORT. 2002 I wish to express my most sincere thanks to all the people participants in the elabora- tion of the present report. This task would not have been possible without the cooperation of different institutions, both from the state and autonomic administrations, as well as the university and the judicial system. My special acknowledgement to all the professionals working for these institutions that have made possible this cooperation. I wish the present book to be of great help to all the people who intervene in the field of drug dependencies. Knowledge is one of the premises of action. Now we can say that we have a better understanding of the issue of drug dependencies in Galicia. To improve our knowledge in order to improve our intervention is principal that, I am sure, we all share. Therefore,