HORWICH END, WHALEY BRIDGE, DERBYSHIRE. ARCHAEOLOGICAL DESK BASED ASSESSMENT OSA REPORT No.: OSA16DT19 July 2016 OSA ON SITE ARCHÆOLOGY LTD 25A Milton Street • York • North Yorkshire • YO10 3EP telephone • 01904 411673 • fax • 01904 414522 • mobile • 07767 385766 e-mail • [email protected] © On-Site Archaeology 2016 OSA16DT19 – Horwich End, Whaley Bridge, Derbyshire Archaeological Desk-Based Assessment Report Summary. REPORT NO: OSA16DT19 SITE NAME: Horwich End, Whaley Bridge COUNTY: Derbyshire NATIONAL GRID REFERENCE: SK 01193 80149 ON BEHALF OF: Site Plan UK 39a Welbeck Street London W1G 8DH RESEARCH AND TEXT: Dave Pinnock GRAPHICS: Dave Pinnock TIMING: Research and report preparation June-July 2016 ENQUIRIES TO: Nick Pearson On-Site Archaeology Ltd 25A Milton Street York YO10 3EP tel (01904) 411673 fax (01904) 414522 mobile (07767) 385766 e-mail [email protected] On-Site Archaeology. July 2016 1 OSA16DT19 – Horwich End, Whaley Bridge, Derbyshire Archaeological Desk-Based Assessment Table of Contents. 1.0 Abstract. .......................................................................................................................................................... 4 2.0 Introduction. .................................................................................................................................................... 6 3.0 Methodology. .................................................................................................................................................. 6 4.0. Site Location, Land-use and Geology. ............................................................................................................ 6 5.0 Gazetteer of Sites and Artefacts. ..................................................................................................................... 7 6.0 Cartographic Evidence. ................................................................................................................................. 17 7.0 LIDAR data. .................................................................................................................................................. 23 8.0 Archaeological and Historical Background. .................................................................................................. 25 9.0 Discussion and Assessment of Significance. ................................................................................................. 30 10.0 Bibliography. ................................................................................................................................................. 34 11.0 The Plates. ..................................................................................................................................................... 35 2 On-Site Archaeology. July 2016 OSA16DT19 – Horwich End, Whaley Bridge, Derbyshire Archaeological Desk-Based Assessment List of Figures. Figure 1. Site location ............................................................................................................................................ 5 Figure 2. Locations of known heritage assets. ...................................................................................................... 16 Figure 3. Extract from the 1579 Saxton map ........................................................................................................ 17 Figure 4. Extract from the 1607 Hole map ........................................................................................................... 18 Figure 5. Extract from the 1611 Speed Cheshire map .......................................................................................... 18 Figure 6. Extract from the 1646 Jansson map ...................................................................................................... 19 Figure 7. Extract from the 1758 Bowen map ....................................................................................................... 19 Figure 8. Extract from the 1777 Burdett map ....................................................................................................... 20 Figure 9. Extract from the 1829 Glover map ........................................................................................................ 20 Figure 10. 1882 Ordnance Survey map ................................................................................................................ 21 Figure 11. 1899 Ordnance Survey map ................................................................................................................ 21 Figure 12. 1913 Ordnance Survey map ................................................................................................................ 22 Figure 13. 1924 Ordnance Survey map ................................................................................................................ 22 Figure 14. 1946 Ordnance Survey map ................................................................................................................ 23 Figure 15. 1951 Ordnance Survey map ................................................................................................................ 23 Figure 16. LIDAR data visualisation .................................................................................................................... 25 List of Plates. Plate 1. West part of site, looking SW .................................................................................................................. 35 Plate 2. West part of site, looking SW .................................................................................................................. 35 Plate 3. North part of site, looking E .................................................................................................................... 36 Plate 4. South part of site, looking SW ................................................................................................................. 36 Plate 5. Track that runs through site, looking SE ................................................................................................. 37 Plate 6. Track in the area between the site and Shallcross Hall Farm, looking NW ............................................. 37 Plate 7. Earthworks north of Shallcross Hall Farm, looking N ............................................................................ 38 Plate 8. Railway incline on east side of site, looking NE ..................................................................................... 38 Plate 9. Incline on east side of site, looking N ...................................................................................................... 39 On-Site Archaeology. July 2016 3 OSA16DT19 – Horwich End, Whaley Bridge, Derbyshire Archaeological Desk-Based Assessment 1.0 Abstract. This desk-based assessment has been prepared for Site Plan UK to note the built heritage assets and assess the archaeological potential and possible impact of proposed residential development at Horwich End, Whaley Bridge, Derbyshire. The report is focussed on a study area of 1km radius from the approximate site centre. A scheduled monument, a grade II* listed building and six grade II listed buildings lie within the study area, but outside the boundary of the proposed development site. A site visit has shown that the designated heritage assets that lie beyond the site boundary are separated from the site by topography and vegetation. There will be no impact on their settings and their significance will be unaffected by any development. A number of undesignated built heritage assets lie within the study area but beyond the site boundary. These will be unaffected by the proposed development. Extensive historic surface mining has been recorded by the Coal Authority throughout the site with varying degrees of certitude. The full extent of the mining is uncertain and it appears to date from before the first accurate map of the site produced by the Ordnance Survey in 1882, meaning that it is not confirmed by historic mapping. The remains of post-medieval/early modern mining will have negligible heritage significance (except in the unlikely event that well-preserved, very early remains are present). However the surface mining will have destroyed any earlier archaeological remains wherever it was carried out; potentially over a substantial area of the site. In any areas of the site that have not been subject to surface coal mining there is a moderate possibility that the course of a Roman road will be present. However, whether the route lies within the site boundary is uncertain, and if present it is likely that any Roman period structural evidence will be poorly preserved due to the later use of the route as an access track for the former Shallcross Hall. There is a low possibility of other Roman period remains. There is also a moderate possibility of remains from the medieval period, either in the form of the below-ground remains of ridge and furrow or possible structures associated with the former medieval estate of Shallcross Manor. The significance of any remains will range from negligible to moderate/regional significance dependent on nature, extent, and preservation. Based on the existing knowledge of the site, there are unlikely to be remains from any other period. 4 On-Site Archaeology. July 2016 OSA16DT19 – Horwich End, Whaley Bridge, Derbyshire Archaeological Desk-Based Assessment SITE LOCATION Figure 1. Site location Reproduced from the Ordnance Survey