Final report Consultancy Project – Lab Vlieland 2014 MSc. Energy Science, Utrecht University Date: 26-06-2014 Final Report Vlieland Energy Independent by 2020 How can Vlieland become energy independent by 2020 using renewables? -1- Final report Consultancy Project – Lab Vlieland 2014 MSc. Energy Science, Utrecht University Date: 26-06-2014 Commissioner Lab Vlieland Tolhuisweg 2 1031CL Amsterdam Project team Steef Hanssen [email protected] student number: 4125002 Roel van Ooij [email protected] student number: 4203321 Maaike Post [email protected] student number: 4180550 Tom Rooijakkers [email protected] student number: 3472043 Evan Willemsen [email protected] student number: 3959287 Supervisor dr. Floor van der Hilst [email protected] Course Consultancy Project (GEO4-2519) Programme MSc Energy Science, Utrecht University -2- Final report Consultancy Project – Lab Vlieland 2014 MSc. Energy Science, Utrecht University Date: 26-06-2014 Table of Contents Nederlandse Samenvatting (Dutch executive summary) .......................................................... 6 1. Introduction .................................................................................................................... 13 2. Method ........................................................................................................................... 16 2.1 Research outline............................................................................................................ 16 2.2 Research scope and boundaries ................................................................................... 17 2.3 Primary energy and energy accounting ........................................................................ 18 2.4 Current energy use and production .............................................................................. 19 2.5 Estimates of Vlieland’s energy use in 2020 ................................................................... 19 2.6 Stakeholder interviews ................................................................................................. 20 2.7 Selection of feasible renewable energy production technologies ................................ 21 The longlist ...................................................................................................................... 21 The shortlist .................................................................................................................... 22 Concrete technological options ...................................................................................... 23 2.8 Techno-economic analysis ............................................................................................ 24 Large wind turbines ........................................................................................................ 27 Small wind turbines ........................................................................................................ 30 Photovoltaic panels on roofs .......................................................................................... 32 Photovoltaic panels on a solar farm ............................................................................... 36 Solar thermal heating ..................................................................................................... 38 2.9 Public & Stakeholder perception .................................................................................. 41 2.10 Multi-criteria analysis (MCA) ...................................................................................... 42 Costs................................................................................................................................ 42 Potential .......................................................................................................................... 42 Public and stakeholder perception ................................................................................. 43 Criteria weighting ........................................................................................................... 43 Procedure ....................................................................................................................... 43 Sensitivity analysis .......................................................................................................... 43 2.11 Energy vision Vlieland 2020 ........................................................................................ 44 3. Results ............................................................................................................................. 46 3.1 Current energy use and production .............................................................................. 46 3.2 Estimates of Vlieland’s energy use in 2020 ................................................................... 46 3.3 Stakeholder interviews ................................................................................................. 47 3.4 Techno-economic analysis ............................................................................................ 48 Large wind turbines ........................................................................................................ 50 -3- Final report Consultancy Project – Lab Vlieland 2014 MSc. Energy Science, Utrecht University Date: 26-06-2014 Small wind turbines ........................................................................................................ 52 Photovoltaic panels on roofs and on a solar farm .......................................................... 53 Solar thermal heating ..................................................................................................... 54 3.5 Public & Stakeholder perception .................................................................................. 57 3.6 Multi-criteria analysis (MCA) ........................................................................................ 58 Techno-economic weighting........................................................................................... 59 Weighting by Lab Vlieland .............................................................................................. 59 Weighting by the municipality of Vlieland...................................................................... 60 Sensitivity analysis .......................................................................................................... 61 3.7 Energy vision Vlieland 2020 .......................................................................................... 62 4. Discussion ....................................................................................................................... 66 4.1 Data quality and assumptions ....................................................................................... 66 Techno-economic analysis .............................................................................................. 68 Wind ................................................................................................................................ 68 PV .................................................................................................................................... 69 Solar thermal .................................................................................................................. 70 Multi-criteria analysis ..................................................................................................... 70 Energy vision ................................................................................................................... 71 4.2 Comparison with previous studies ................................................................................ 71 4.3 Meeting the 2020 deadline & main barriers ................................................................. 71 4.4 Further research ............................................................................................................ 72 5. Conclusion....................................................................................................................... 73 6. References ...................................................................................................................... 75 Appendix I Lab Vlieland (Dutch) .............................................................................................. 87 Appendix II Non-grid connected energy use ........................................................................... 88 Appendix III Input data for the calculation of Vlieland’s current energy use and production89 Appendix IV Energy carrier use on Vlieland over the past 20 years ....................................... 91 Appendix V Interview questions (Dutch) ................................................................................. 92 Appendix VI Interview summaries .......................................................................................... 94 Appendix VII Feasibility assessment of energy production from biomass on Vlieland ........... 98 Appendix VIII Feasibility assessment of geothermal energy on Vlieland .............................. 101 Appendix IX Feasibility assessment of tidal energy on Vlieland............................................ 103 Appendix X Feasibility assessment of wave energy on Vlieland ........................................... 105 Appendix XI The SDE+ subsidy scheme ................................................................................. 106 Appendix XII Overview