Volume 1 • Issue 4 • Winter 2017 LineNew Zealand’s of Defence andDefence National Security Magazine US in spotlight Military MRO: during Minister Solving the maintenance Mitchell’s first Asia skills shortage with foray augmented reality What can NZ’s Defence Fiji continues to look Estate Regeneration north for military learn from Australia’s cooperation experience The paradox of OPINION: Towards an information sharing at economics of terror New Zealand’s borders threat in New Zealand www.defsecmedia.co.nz 4 – 7 SEPTEMBER 2017 Pacific Security Dynamics This 4-day course focuses on policy-relevant strategic approaches to the study of comprehensive security and cooperation in the Asia-Pacific region, relevant to the interests of New Zealand and partner nations. The course examines current and emerging LEAD ACADEMIC PRESENTERS security trends and issues, such as shifts in AND FACILITATORS regional geopolitics, major power competition, Professor Rouben Azizian inter-state and intra-state conflicts, terrorism Dr Anna Powles Dr Marc Lanteigne and transnational crime, security aspects of economic development and trade, Also including talks by senior government, environmental, maritime and human security business and civil society speakers. challenges, as well as the role of regional multi- lateral institutions. WHAT: 4 day short course WHEN: 4 - 7 September 2017 It includes an examination of the security- (including an evening networking event, Monday 4 September) development nexus as a useful lens through WHERE: Massey University, Gate 1, which to understand the challenges facing Albany Expressway the Pacific region. Humanitarian assistance, PRICE: $2799 including GST disaster relief and climate insecurity will be discussed as well. TO REGISTER VISIT pacificsecuritydynamics.co.nz CONTENTS Welcome to the Winter 2017 issue of Line of Defence. In this edition, David Capie assesses the first Asia trip of recently DEFENCE appointed Defence Minister Mark Mitchell, we meet the just-installed Commander Defence Logistics Brigadier Rob Krushka, we welcome the NZDIA’s new Chair, Scott Arrell, and profile the Association’s new ED, Jennie Vickers. Also in Defence, we gain specialist insights into Defence Estate investment, MRO via augmented reality, and surveillance aerostats. Wayne Mapp headlines the International Security Section with a view of the US-China relationship though the North Korea looking glass. Marc Lanteigne considers China’s Belt and Road’s implications for New Zealand, Damien Rogers writes about a South Sudan on the brink of genocide, and 6 Military MRO: Solving the maintenance skills we interview Anna Powles on the outlook for the New shortage with augmented reality Zealand-Fiji strategic relationship. As a side note, Marc and Anna will be presenting 9 New NZDIA Executive Director Jennie Vickers along with Professor Rouben Azizian at the 4-day Pacific 10 US in the spotlight during Minister Mitchell’s Security Dynamics short course run by Massey University first Asia foray in September, which comes highly recommended (details inside). 12 GA-ASI Celebrates 25 Years The Fiji theme continues in our Border Security Section, with insights into the offshore disruption capabilities 14 Standardisation and industry engagement: delivered to NZ Customs via its capacity building efforts in Meet the new COMLOG the Pacific. We also explore a recent OAG report into the use 16 New Zealand Defence Industry Association: of information at the border and ask why New Zealand’s Update border agencies are able to share information more easily with their five-eyes partners than with each other. 18 Insights from Across the Tasman: What can In Homeland Security, I state the argument for a New Zealand’s Defence Estate Regeneration statistically-based approach to understanding the threat Investment Programme learn from the of terrorist attack in New Zealand, and we quick-fire some Australian experience? questions at leading New Zealand terrorism scholar, Chris Wilson. In Reviews, we feature a synopsis by the Commandant 21 Invictus Team New Zealand & of the NZDF Command and Staff College, LTCOL Richard Captain Unconquerable Taylor, of the just released Army Fundamentals. Lots to read 22 The case for aerostats and persistent in this Winter issue of Line of Defence. surveillance Nick Dynon Auckland 24 Defence News COVER PHOTO UPCOMING ISSUE Spring 2017 NZDIA Annual Forum special issue, Minister with ISF soldiers. Source: New Zealand Government Land forces; FASC; Simulation; Counter terrorism; Border innovation, etc. CONTRIBUTORS & INTERVIEWEES ASSOCIATIONS David Capie Scott Arrell David Barnes Jennie Vickers Matt McNiel Chris Wilson Wayne Mapp Anna Powles Damien Rogers Marc Lanteigne Richard Taylor Graham Grose Jason Pore Nicholas Dynon Nate Carpenter Roy Lagolago Sakiusa Lasaqa 4 Line of Defence ISSN 2463-5774 (Print) • ISSN 2463-6258 (Online) INTERNATIONAL SECURITY BORDER SECURITY 26 US-China relations through the North Korea 36 The paradox of information sharing at looking glass New Zealand’s borders 28 Fiji continues to look north for 38 Detector Dogs: Regional border security military cooperation capacity building strengthens New Zealand’s ‘offshore disruption’ capability 30 China’s expanding Belt and Road policies: Challenges for Oceania 40 Taming information overload for effective border controls 32 Genocide Looming in South Sudan? 41 Border Security News 34 International Security News HOMELAND SECURITY REVIEWS & EVENTS 42 OPINION: Towards an economics of terror 48 Army Fundamentals: From Making Soldiers to threat in New Zealand the Limits of the Military Instrument 44 Q&A: Radicalisation and terror in New Zealand 50 Upcoming events 46 Homeland Security News CONTACT DETAILS Managing Editor: Find us online www.defsecmedia.co.nz or Nick Dynon M: +64 (0)22 366 3691 www.linkedin.com/company/ E: [email protected] defsec-media-limited Publisher: Craig Flint www.facebook.com/defsecmedia/ T: +64 (07) 868 2703 E: [email protected] www.twitter.com/DefsecNZ Postal and delivery address: 27 West Cresent Te Puru 3575, Thames RD5 New Zealand Copyright: No article or part thereof may be reproduced without prior consent of the publisher. Disclaimer: The information contained in this publication is given in good faith and has been derived from sources believed to be reliable and accurate. However, neither the publishers nor any person involved in the preparation of this publication accept any form of liability whatsoever for its contents including advertisements, editorials, opinions, advice or information or for any consequences from its use. Line of Defence 5 DEFENCE Military MRO: Solving the maintenance skills shortage with augmented reality How can militaries balance equipment availability with a reactive and compliant maintenance strategy and supply chain when skilled engineers are in short supply? Graham Grose, Vice President and Industry Director Aviation & Defence at IFS, examines the use of augmented reality to deliver maintenance expertise from anywhere in the world. The market for virtual and augmented The Royal Australian Air Force plant capable of sustaining 500 houses. reality is growing - one report from is already exploring the potential of It’s no surprise that it took some four Digi-Capital predicts the VR/AR market augmented reality to help improve the years to complete the mid-life refuelling to be worth $120bn by 2020. Virtual Air Force’s response to threats as well as and complex overhaul (RCOH) of the reality has hit the consumer world for planning and training methods. carrier from 2009 to 2013. with a bang, and the defence sector Increasing asset complexity, is now starting to see the power of Training for maintenance a real the decline in defence personnel the technology, and its close ‘relation’ opportunity numbers and a maintenance training augmented reality, in action. The technologies have been used to lag means having the right engineers simulate training exercises to speed in place to keep equipment available up and reduce the costs associated is becoming a difficult management with readying military personnel task. The US Department of Defense for deployment. For example, the recently announced it was postponing Dismounted Soldier Training System deployment of CV-22 Osprey aircraft for the US Army was the first ever fully at Yokota Air Base in Japan due to a immersive virtual simulation training shortage of experienced maintenance system aimed at giving soldiers more and operational staff. training time before being deployed in the battlefield. But only now are Supply loses out to demand from we seeing them implemented to fulfil booming commercial aviation market a growing requirement for defence On one hand, sophisticated equipment organisations – the global issue of entering defence supply chains requires effectively and flexibly deploying scarce significantly longer lead times on training. and expensive maintenance personnel. Maintenance personnel are trained - and qualified - to perform specific repairs on Growing asset complexity requires specific equipment and, particularly on skilled engineers aerospace assets, nothing else. On the Military assets continue to grow in other hand, the military cannot compete complexity. Forces across the globe with the booming commercial aviation are beginning to take delivery of the industry, especially in the fast-growing F-35 Joint Strike Fighter, the most Middle East where airline operators and complex and capable military jet ever MROs can headhunt military personnel Graham