1 Copyright © 2019 W. J. Edwards, Ph.D., ATP, CFI Contents The Standard of Care of Private Pilots and General Aviation Risk Factors ................................... 7 2016 LOBO White Paper — Lancair Safety .................................................................................. 8 Introduction ................................................................................................................................. 8 Safety Record .............................................................................................................................. 8 Initial Response ........................................................................................................................... 9 Long-Term Results ..................................................................................................................... 9 Economic Forces ......................................................................................................................... 9 2012 Safety Effort ..................................................................................................................... 10 2016 Safety Study ..................................................................................................................... 10 Safety Study Results ................................................................................................................. 10 Highest Risk Group................................................................................................................... 10 LOBO Annual Flight Training.................................................................................................. 12 Identifying the Risks ................................................................................................................. 12 Reducing the Risks ................................................................................................................... 13 Training Challenges .................................................................................................................. 13 LOBO Survey ........................................................................................................................... 13 Loss Of Control (Stall/ Spin) ........................................................................................................ 22 Aeronautical Decision Making ..................................................................................................... 27 The High-Altitude Flight Environment ........................................................................................ 29 Physiology................................................................................................................................. 31 Hypoxia’s effects ...................................................................................................................... 36 Operation of the Lancair Evolution .......................................................................................... 39 Weather ..................................................................................................................................... 42 Weather quiz: ............................................................................................................................ 45 Flight Planning .......................................................................................................................... 46 Knowledge of Aircraft .............................................................................................................. 46 Descent Planning ...................................................................................................................... 46 Weather Charts.......................................................................................................................... 47 Wind shear ................................................................................................................................ 47 Navigation ................................................................................................................................. 47 Jet Routes .................................................................................................................................. 47 Reporting Points........................................................................................................................ 47 Point-to-Point Navigation ......................................................................................................... 48 Navaids ..................................................................................................................................... 48 Aerodynamics and performance factors ................................................................................... 49 EVOLUTION AIRCRAFT SYSTEMS ........................................................................................ 52 POWERPLANT ........................................................................................................................ 53 PROPELLER ............................................................................................................................ 60 2 Copyright © 2019 W. J. Edwards, Ph.D., ATP, CFI FLIGHT & POWER CONTROLS ........................................................................................... 63 LANDING GEAR .................................................................................................................... 76 ELECTRICAL .......................................................................................................................... 96 PITOT STATIC ...................................................................................................................... 100 FUEL SYSTEM ...................................................................................................................... 102 HYDRAULIC ......................................................................................................................... 114 PRESSURIZATION ............................................................................................................... 123 AIR CONDITIONING ........................................................................................................... 126 HIGH-ALTITUDE SYSTEMS AND EQUIPMENT ............................................................. 130 Instruments .............................................................................................................................. 136 Lancair Systems Quiz ............................................................................................................. 137 Operating Limitations ............................................................................................................. 139 FLYING THE LANCAIR EVOLUTION .................................................................................. 145 EMERGENCY PROCEDURES ................................................................................................. 157 FALSE START/ HUNG START ........................................................................................... 157 FIRE ON THE GROUND ....................................................................................................... 159 ENGINE FAILURE DURING TAKEOFF ROLL .................................................................. 159 ENGINE FAILURE IMMEDIATELY AFTER TAKEOFF .................................................... 159 ERRATIC OR UNRESPONSIVE ENGINE OPERATION.................................................... 159 ENGINE FIRE/MECHANICAL FAILURE AIRBORNE ........................................................ 160 AIRSTART PROCEDURES .................................................................................................. 160 ENGINE FLAMEOUT IF Ng IS ABOVE 50% (HOT AIR START) ................................. 160 AIRSTART (WITH STARTER ASSIST, Ng < 10%) ......................................................... 161 FORCED LANDING .............................................................................................................. 162 PROPELLER OVERSPEED .................................................................................................. 163 PRESSURIZATION SYSTEM MALFUNCTION .................................................................. 163 ELECTRICAL FAILURES ..................................................................................................... 164 ELECTRICAL SYSTEM CIRCUIT BREAKERS ................................................................ 165 LOW FUEL PRESSURE ........................................................................................................ 166 LOW OIL PRESSURE (<75 PSI) ........................................................................................ 166 HIGH OIL PRESSURE (>105 PSI) ....................................................................................... 166 LOW OIL TEMPERATURE (<0 DEG C) ............................................................................ 166 HIGH OIL TEMPERATURE (>99 DEG C) ......................................................................... 166 HYDRAULIC SYSTEM MALFUNCTION ............................................................................ 167 EMERGENCY LANDING GEAR EXTENSION .................................................................... 167 FLAP SYSTEM MALFUNCTION ......................................................................................... 169