Notes Chapter 1 1 Smith, A., The Wealth ofNations. ed. E. Cannan, New York, 1937, Book IV, ch. vii, part 3, p. 590. Chapter 2 J Pares, R., 'The economic factors In the history of the Empire'. Economic History Review, vol. VII (1937), p. 120. 2 Madariaga, S. De, The Fall ofthe Spanish American Empire. Lon­ don, 1947, p. 69. 3 Haring, C. H., The Spanish Empire in America . New York, 1947, p.305. 4 -po342. 5 Lannoy, C. De and Linden, H. V., Histoire de l'Expansion coloniale des Peuples Europeens: Portugal et Espagne. Brussels, 1907, pp. 226-36. Chapter 3 1 Moreau De Saint-Mery, M. L. E., Lois et Constitutions des Colonies francoises (sic) de l'Amerlque sous Ie vent. Paris, n.d. vol. I, p. 714. 2 - IV, pp. 339-40. 3 Girault, A., Principes de Colonisation et de Legislation coloniale. 5th ed. Paris, 1927, vol. I, p. 219. 4 Saintoyant, J. 1A Colonisation francoise sous l'Ancien Regime . Paris, 1929, vol. II, p. 432. 5 Turgot, A.-R.-J., 'Memoire au Roi sur la guerre d'Amerique', in L. Deschamps, Histoire de la Question coloniale en France. Paris, 1891, p. 314. 429 TRB COLONIAL EMPIRES 6 Deschamps, L., op.cit., p. 316. 7 Lannoy, C. De and Linden, H. V., Histoire derExpansionc%nlak des PeuplesEuropiens. Neer/ande et Denemark, Brussels, 1911, pp. 353-4. Chapter 4 1 Schumpeter, E. B., Eng/ish Overseas Trade Statistics, 1697-1808 Oxford, 1960, p. 18. 2 -p.18. 3 Jensen, M. (ed.), American Colonial Documents to /776. London, 1955, p. 392. 4 Miller, J. C., Origins of the American Revolution. Stanford, 2nd rev. ed., 1959, p. 53. 5 Harper, L. A., 'The Effectof the Navigation Acts on the Thirteen Colonies', in R. B. Morris (ed.), The Era ofthe American Revolu­ tion. New York, 1939, p. 37. 6 Quoted Jensen, M., op. cit., p. 807. 7 Cobbett, W. (ed.), Cobbett's Parliamentary History ofEngland. 36 vols. London, 1806-20, vol. XVII, cols. 1236-7. Chapter 5 1 Haring, C. H., op. cit., p. 305. 2 Harper,L. A., lac. cit., pp. 32 and 37. 3 Smith, A., op. cit., p. 581. 4 Tucker, J., The True Interest ofGreat Britain setforth in regardto the Colonies, 1774. R. L. Schuyler (00.), Josiah Tucker, a selection from his ... writings. New York, 1931, p. 365. 5 Haring, C. H., op. cit., p. 305. Chapter 6 1 Par/klm6ftary History, vol. XVII, col. 1241. 2 Saintoyant, J., op. cit., II, pp. 333-4. Chapter 8 1 Lannoy, C. De and Linden, H. V.,Histoire derExpansion colOlliDle du Peup/es EllTopietu. NierkuuJe et Dtmemark. p. 344, et seq. 2 - pp. 356-7. 430 NOTBS 3 Cambridge History ofIndia, vol. V, British India, 1497-1858. Cam- bridge, 1929, pp. 96 and 109. 4 --p. 108; Schumpeter, E., op. cit., p. 18. 5 - vol. V, p. 102. 6 Weber, H., La Compagnie franeaise de: Indes. Paris, 1904, pp. 492-500. 7 -po 394. Chapter 9 I Clark, G., The Balance Sheets ofImperialism. New York, 1936, pp. 5-6. Chapter 10 1 Taylor, A. J. P., Germany's First Bid for Colonies, 1884-/885. Lon­ don, 1938, p. 6. 2 Fuller, T., The Church History of Britain (1655), 3 vols. London, 1837, vol. II, p. 275. 3 Remer, C. F., Foreign Investments in China. New York, 1933, p. 73, table 6. Chapter 11 I Clark, G ., op. cit., p. 23. 2 Madden, A. F., Imperial Constitutional Documents, 1765-1952. Oxford, 1953, p. 5. 3 Keith, A. B., Selected Speeches and Documents on British Colonial Policy; 1763-1917. London, 1953, part one, p. 139. 4 - pp. 174-5. 5 Bennett, G., The Concept of Empire. London, 1953, p. 282. 6 Keith, A. B., Speeches and Documents on the British Dominions, 1918-31. London, 1948, p. 161. 7 -po164. 8 -po 305. Chapter 12 1 Stokes, E., The English Utilitarians and India. Oxford, 1959, p. 45. 2 -p.46. 3 -po 284. 431 THB COLONIAL EMPIRES 4 Anstey, V., The Economic Development of India. 4th ed. London, 1952, pp. 628-33 for the statistics from which these proportions were calculated. 5 Hicks, U. K., British Public Finances, 1880-1952. London, 1954, p.14. 6 Knowles, L. C. A., The Economic Development ofthe British Over­ seas Empire. London, 1928, p. 386 for this and later percentages. 7 Cambridge History ofIndia, vol. VI. The Indian Empire,1858-1918. Cambridge, 1932, p. 505. 8 Keith, A. B., Speeches and Documents on Indian Policy, 1750-1921. London, 1922, vol. II, p. 133. 9 McPhee, A., The Economic Revolution in British West Africa. Lon­ don, 1926, p. 313. Chapter 13 1 Clark, G., op. cit., p. 23. 2 Leroy-Beaulieu, P. De la Colonisation chez les Peuples modernes, 6th ed. Paris, 1908, vol. II, p. 540. In the 1st ed. (1874) Leroy­ Beaulieu called them simply 'colonies de commerce', 'colonies agri­ coles' and 'colonies de plantations', (p. 534). 3 Roberts, S. H., History of French Colonial Policy 1870-1925. 2 vols. London, 1929, vol. I, p. 44. 4 Southworth, C., The French Colonial Venture. London, 1931, p. 61 and tables III and IV. 5 Roberts, S. H., op. cit., vol. I, p. 67. 6 Southworth, C., op. cit., p. 50 and tables I and II. 7 Brunschwig, H., La Colonisation francaise. Paris, 1949, p. 184. 8 Roberts, S. H., op. cit., vol. I, p. 113. Chapter 14 I Vandenbosch, A., The Dutch East Indies, 3rd ed. Berkeley and Los Angeles, 1944, p. 253. 2 Vlekke, B. H. M., Nusantara. Cambridge, Mass., 1943, p. 273. 3 Furnivall, J. S., Netherlands India, 2nd ed. Cambridge, 1944, p. 338. 4 -- Colonial Policy and Practice. Cambridge, 1948, p. 255. 5 -- Netherlands India, p. 336. 6 Pierce, R. A., Russian Central Asia, 1867-1917. Berkeley and Los Angeles, 1960, p. ]37. 432 NOTES 7 -pp.218-19. 8 Pratt, J. W., America's Colonial Experiment. New York, 1950, pp. 243-4. Chapter 15 I Duffy, J., Portuguese Africa. Cambridge, Mass., 1959, p. 1. 2 -po 295. 3 Clark, G., op. cit., p. 23. 4 Wauters, A. J., Histoire politique du Congo Beige. Brussels, 1911, quoted: Naval Intelligence Division: The Belgian Congo. Lon­ don, 1944, pp. 206-7. 5 Frankel, S. H., Capital Investment in Africa. London, 1938, pp. 292-5. 6 - pp. 158-9. 7 Martelli, G., Leopold to Lumumba. London, 1962, p. 215. 8 -p.215. 9 Henderson, W.O., Studies in German Colonial History. London, 1962, p. 5. 10 Rudin, H. R., Germans in the Cameroons, 1884-1914. London, 1938, p. 419. II Henderson, W.O., op. cit., pp. 33-4. 12 Clark, G., op. cit., p. 11. 13 Henderson, W.O., op. cit., p. 134. 14 --p. 58; Townsend, M. E., The Rise and Fall of Germany's Colonial Empire. New York, 1930, p. 263. Chapter 16 I Clark, G., op. cit., p. 78. 2 Southworth, C., op. cit., p. 62. 3 Schlote, W., British Overseas Trade. Oxford, 1952, pp. 154 and 172. 4 Lenin, V. I., Imperialism, the Highest Stage ofCapitalism (1916). Moscow, 1947, pp. 76-7. 5 Brown, M. B., After Imperialism. London, 1963, p. 153. 6 Southworth, C., op. cit., table V. 7 Cairncross, A. K., Home and Foreign Investment, 1870-1913. Cambridge, 1953, p. 227. 8 Paish, G., 'Great Britain's Capital Investments in Other Lands' in JOU17UlI oftlte Royal Statistical Society, LXXII (1909), p. 475. 433 THB COLONIAL BMPIR.BS 9 Southworth, C., op. cit., pp. 108-9. 10 --Appendix, table 7. 11 Paish, G., loco cit., p. 475. 12 Frankel, S. H., op. cit., table 15, pp. 96-7. 13 Southworth, C., op. cit., p. 110. 14 Brown, M. B., op. cit., pp. 248 and 389. Chapter 17 I Quoted Fetter, B. (ed.), Colonial Rule in Africa. Madison, 1979, p.206. 2 Quoted Austin, D., Politics in Africa. Manchester, 1978, p. 153. 3 United Nations Statistical Year Book, 1978. New York, 1979. 4 From Bhagwati, J. N. and Desai, P., India: Planning for Industrialization. Industrialization and Trade Policies since 1951. London, 1970, tables 9.2, 10.2 and 1I.I. 434 Bibliography Chapter 1 Since the period before 1700 is outside that covered by this book, no bibliography of European expansion during the previous two centuries is provided. The following books provide an introduction to the first expansion of Europe and contain good bibliographies. Elliott, J. H., The Old World and the New, 1492-1650. Cambridge, 1970. Parry, J. H., The Age ofReconnaissance. London, 1963. -- Trade and Dominion. London, 1971. Scammell, G. V., The World Encompassed: the First European Maritime Empires. London, 1981. Chapter 2 TIlE SPANISH EMPIRE Bakewell, P. J., Silver Mining and Society in Colonial Mexico. Cambridge, 1971. Brading, D. A., Miners and Merchants in Bourbon Mexico, 1763-1810. Cambridge, 1971. Burkholder, M. A. and Chandler, D. S., From Impotence to Authority: the Spanish Crown and the American Audiencias, 1687-1808. Columbia, Miss., 1977. Farriss, N. M., Crown and Clergy in Colonial Mexico, 1759-1821. London, 1968. Gongora, M., Studies in the Colonial History of Spanish America. Cambridge, 1975. Lang, J., Conquestand Commerce: Spain andEngland in the Americas. New York, 1975. 435 THE COLONIAL EMPIRES Lynch, J., Spanish Colonial Administration, 1782-1810. London, 1958. -- Spain and America, 1598-1700. Oxford, 1969. Macleod, M. J., Spanish Central America: a Socio-economic History, 1520-1720. Berkeley, 1973. Parry, J. H., The Spanish Theory ofEmpire in the Sixteenth Century. Cambridge, 1940. -- The Sale of Public Office in the Spanish Indies under the Hapsburgs. Berkeley, 1953. -- The Spanish Seaborne Empire. London, 1966. Walker, G. J., Spanish Politics and Imperial Trade, 1700-1789. London, 1979.