DRAFT FOR PEER REVIEW August 2016 OUTLOOKS ON BIODIVERSITY Indigenous Peoples’ and Local Communities’ Contributions to the Implementation of the Strategic Plan for Biodiversity 2011-2020 A complement to the fourth edition of the Global Biodiversity Outlook For submitting peer review comments: Please use the peer review template and send to [email protected]. The deadline for submitting peer review comments is 11 September 2016. CONTENTS 1. INTRODUCTION .............................................................................................................. 1 2. ANALYSIS OF INDIGENOUS PEOPLES’ AND LOCAL COMMUNITIES’ CONTRIBUTIONS AND EXPERIENCES TOWARDS ACHIEVING THE AICHI BIODIVERSITY TARGETS .......................... 2 TARGET 1: Awareness increased ............................................................................................ 2 TARGET 2: Biodiversity values integrated .............................................................................. 7 TARGET 3: Incentives reformed ........................................................................................... 12 TARGET 4: Sustainable consumption and production ......................................................... 16 TARGET 5: Habitat loss halved or reduced .......................................................................... 22 TARGET 6: Sustainable management of marine living resources ........................................ 29 TARGET 7: Sustainable agriculture, aquaculture and forestry ............................................. 34 TARGET 8: Pollution reduced ............................................................................................... 39 TARGET 9: Invasive alien species prevented and controlled ............................................... 45 TARGET 10: Pressures on vulnerable ecosystems reduced ................................................. 50 TARGET 11: Protected areas increased and improved ........................................................ 55 TARGET 12: Extinction prevented ........................................................................................ 61 TARGET 13: Genetic diversity maintained ........................................................................... 66 TARGET 14: Ecosystems and essential services safeguarded .............................................. 70 TARGET 15: Ecosystems restored and resilience enhanced ................................................ 74 TARGET 16: Nagoya Protocol in force and operational ....................................................... 79 TARGET 17: National Biodiversity Strategies and Action Plans (NBSAPs) adopted as policy instruments .......................................................................................................................... 83 TARGET 18: Traditional knowledge respected ..................................................................... 86 TARGET 19: Knowledge improved, shared and applied ....................................................... 93 TARGET 20: Financial resources from all sources increased ................................................ 98 3. DISCUSSION OF KEY ISSUES – FORTHCOMING ................................................................... 101 4. CONCLUSION - FORTHCOMING ......................................................................................... 101 REFERENCES ...................................................................................................................... 102 INDEX BOXES Box 1: The Indigenous Terra Madre 2015 ............................................................................................... 3 Box 2: The Indigenous Women's Biodiversity Network .......................................................................... 5 Box 3: Global Commitments from Recent Political Summits .................................................................. 8 Box 4: Outcome Document of the World Conference on Indigenous Peoples (WCIP) UN General Assembly Special Session ........................................................................................................................ 9 Box 5: Guaranteeing indigenous people’s rights Bolivia....................................................................... 11 Box 6: Sustainable Development Working Group of the Arctic Council ............................................... 11 Box 7: Story from the Northern Territory, Australia ............................................................................. 13 Box 8: The Universal Declaration on the Rights of Mother Earth ......................................................... 18 Box 9: The Shillong Declaration ............................................................................................................ 18 Box 10: Children of the water: Plan de Vida (Life Plan) of the Misak people, Colombia ..................... 20 Box 11: The Palangka Raya Declaration ................................................................................................ 25 Box 12: Kapuas Hulu, West Kalimantan, Indonesia: indigenous Dayak Suhaid try to save forest, river and lake habitats under threat from palm oil expansion ..................................................................... 25 Box 13: History of the Ngati Hine pilot program for the monitoring, recovery, and protection of eels .............................................................................................................................................................. 30 Box 14: Multi-stakeholder collaboration to enhance recognition and support for shifting cultivation in Asia .................................................................................................................................................... 35 Box 15: Globally Important Agricultural Heritage Systems (GIAHS)82 .................................................. 36 Box 16: Exploring a labelling scheme for biocultural heritage-based products ................................... 37 Box 17: Linking community-based monitoring and reporting of oil pollution to environmental enforcement– FECONACO’s Territorial Vigilance Programme ............................................................. 40 Box 18: Indigenous Rangers controlling invasive pond apple infestations in World Heritage Area, in north east Queensland, Australia ......................................................................................................... 46 Box 19: An invader in our waters: actions of Guna People (Panama) in relation to the Lion Fish ....... 46 Box 20: Development of cultural indicators to monitor Kauri dieback disease in Aotearoa/New Zealand100,101 ......................................................................................................................................... 48 Box 21: Identifying impacts and threats to vulnerable ecosystems in Guna Yala, Panama ................. 53 Box 22: The Ogiek’s experience with protected areas in Mount Elgon, Kenya: Ways towards rights- based conservation ............................................................................................................................... 57 Box 23: Traditional Knowledge and Customary Sustainable Practices to Conserve the Endangered Red Panda in Ilam Nepal ....................................................................................................................... 63 Box 24: The story of the Potato Park .................................................................................................... 67 Box 25: Wapichan people’s plan to secure and care for their lands, Guyana ...................................... 72 Box 26: Livestock keepers’ initiatives in Iran161–163 ............................................................................... 73 Box 27: Community-based vulnerability and resilience mapping and adaptation practices, Sundarbans, Bangladesh ....................................................................................................................... 76 Box 28: Community-based documentation of positive contributions of traditional rotational farming to carbon sequestration and ecosystem resilience, Thailand .............................................................. 77 Box 29: Interview on the Rooibos Restitution for the Khoi-San ........................................................... 80 Box 30: (some) IPLCs’ responses concerning participation in NBSAPs ................................................. 84 Box 31: Summary data on the global indicators adopted under Target 18 .......................................... 87 Box 32: The Kalanguya experience of establishing community-based monitoring and information systems in Tinoc, Ifugao, Philippines .................................................................................................... 95 Box 33: Standing with Indian Country - President Obama's Fiscal Year 2017 Budget .......................... 98 Box 34: Examples of GEF Small Grants Programme funding for IPLCs ................................................. 99 INDEX FIGURES Figure 1: National workshop ................................................................................................................... 6 Figure 2: National workshop ................................................................................................................... 6 Figure 3: RMIB advocacy in CBD processes ............................................................................................ 6 Figure 4: Training of lecturers at the Universidad