INTERNATIONAL WORKSHOP ENACTING INTERSUBJECTIVITY PAVING THE WAY FOR A DIALOGUE BETWEEN COGNITIVE SCIENCE, SOCIAL COGNITION AND NEUROSCIENCE EDITORS Antonella Carassa, University of Lugano, Switzerland Francesca Morganti, University of Bergamo, Italy Giuseppe Riva, Catholic University of Milano, Italy ORGANIZED BY IPSC Istituto di Psicologia e Sociologia della Comunicazione Facoltà di Scienze della Comunicazione Università della Svizzera italiana February 13th and 14th 2009 Lugano, Switzerland INTERNATIONAL WORKSHOP - ENACTING INTERSUBJECTIVITY 1 2 INTERNATIONAL WORKSHOP - ENACTING INTERSUBJECTIVITY TABLE OF CONTENTS INVITED SESSION 1 - Enactive Cognition, towards an embodied approach to the study of mind • Intersubjectivity with facial immobility Jonathan Cole pag. 9 • Intersubjectivity as a socially embodied and distributed phenomenon Jessica Lindblom pag. 10 • Intersubjectivity: Do we know it when we see it? Timothy P. Racine pag. 12 • "The possibility of sociality presupposes a certain intersubjectivity of the body" Jordan Zlatev pag. 14 INVITED SESSION 2 - Mind in interactions, towards a cognitive socialness • Metacognitive development in early infancy Ingar Brinck, Rikard Liljenfors pag. 17 • Implications of the enactive defi nition of the social Hanne De Jaegher, Ezequiel Di Paolo pag. 19 • Intersubjectivity in atypical development Fran Hagstrom pag. 21 • Inter/subjectivity in communication: between phenomenology and situatedness Maurizio Tirassa pag. 23 INVITED SESSION 3 - Neurologically linked, towards a neuro- scientifi c endorsment • Coordination in musical ensembles: adaptive timing and anticipatory control Peter E. Keller pag. 27 • Mirroring and understanding action Corrado Sinigaglia pag. 29 • Looking for myself: multisensory integration alters recognition of one's own face Manos Tsakiris pag. 30 INTERNATIONAL WORKSHOP - ENACTING INTERSUBJECTIVITY 3 ORAL SESSION • Reciprocity, communication and collective action Gabriella Airenti pag. 33 • Empathy between psychology, neurosciences and phenomenology: psychopathological, clinical and therapeutic aspects from an intersubjective perspective Maria Armezzani, Bruno Callieri, Gilberto Di Petta pag. 49 • Adolescent development of the neural processing of social emotions Stephanie Burnett, Geoff Bird, Jorge Moll, Chris Frith, Sarah-Jayne Blakemore pag. 64 • I feel what I see, if the other is similar to me Flavia Cardini, Giulia Giovagnoli, Andrea Serino, Elisabetta Làdavas pag. 90 • Do I care for others'money as much as for my own? Playing the ultimatum game task in behalf of a third-party Corrado Corradi-Dell'Acqua, Claudia Civai, Raffaella I. Rumiati pag. 99 • The Open Body Joel Krueger, Dorothée Legrand pag. 109 • Empaty, Outwardness and Empathy Personal Distress: a pilot study Davide Liccione, Jessica Busseti, Diego Liccione, Roberto Pazzaglia, Simona Sartirana, Nicola Allegri pag. 129 • Theory of mind and intersubjectivity: how task social partners, attachment representation and caregiving settings infl uence mentalization Antonella Marchetti, Davide Massaro pag. 148 • Social games between bonobos and humans: evidence for shared intentionality? Simone Pika pag. 165 • Three levels of intersubjectivity in early development Philippe Rochat, Clàudia Passos-Ferreira, Pedro Salem pag. 173 • Dyadic emotional regulation in mother and infant interaction and maternal attachment at nine months Cristina Riva Crugnola, Alessandro Albizzati, Claudia Caprin, Simona Gazzotti, Maria Spinelli pag. 191 • Motor interference in action simulation Peggy Tausche, Anne Springer, Wolfgang Prinz pag. 210 • Interactive sense-making in the brain Kristian Tylén, Micah Allen pag. 224 • The intergenerational transmission of attachment disorganization: the role of frightening/anomalous bahavior in mother-toddler interactions Maria Zaccagnino, Deborah Jacobvitz, Nancy Hazen pag. 242 4 INTERNATIONAL WORKSHOP - ENACTING INTERSUBJECTIVITY POSTER SESSION • Decision-making and intersubjectivity: an overview Ilaria Castelli, Antonella Marchetti pag. 263 • An analysis of teacher/pupils conversation in classroom during error management in some Italian Primary Schools Chiara Deprà, Caterina Fiorilli, Ottavia Albanese pag. 266 • Enacting intersubjectivity: empathy as a clinical instrument Perla Klautau pag. 269 • Good things to me but not bad ones to others Luisa Lugli, Giulia Baroni, Claudia Gianelli, Anna Borghi, Roberto Nicoletti pag. 272 • Transitional objects and shared attention: developmental paths towards intersubjectivity Pedro Salem pag. 274 AUTHOR INDEX pag. 277 INTERNATIONAL WORKSHOP - ENACTING INTERSUBJECTIVITY 5 6 INTERNATIONAL WORKSHOP - ENACTING INTERSUBJECTIVITY INVITED SESSION 1 ENACTIVE COGNITION, TOWARDS AN EMBODIED APPROACH TO THE STUDY OF MIND INTERNATIONAL WORKSHOP - ENACTING INTERSUBJECTIVITY 7 8 INTERNATIONAL WORKSHOP - ENACTING INTERSUBJECTIVITY INTERSUBJECTIVITY WITH FACIAL IMMOBILITY JONATHAN COLE The congenital condition Möbius Sequence (or Syndrome) has Poole Hospital many variable features, from gaze palsy, tongue tethering and and University small jaw to clumsiness and hand maldevelopment. But its cardinal of Bournemouth, impairments are the functional absence of cranial nerves VI and United Kingdom VII, leading to an inability to abduct the eyes and an absence of [email protected]. facial expression. Poor speech and sometimes hearing can also be present. Examples of the consequences of these for the lived experience of Möbius will be given. Neonatal facial imitation does not occur and this may affect early bonding. Later, the visible dif- ference can lead to teasing and a withdrawal from a social world. Poor coordination of face and body, and endless visits to surgeons, dentists and doctors, led one child with Möbius to withdraw from an embodied existence (since her body let her down) to inhabit a more cerebral, introspective and less social world. Adults with the condition have also described this. Some have suggested an excess incidence of autism and learning diffi culties with Möbius. However other, more recent, studies in adults with Möbius dispute this and suggest that the pervasive embodied diffi culties which hamper in- terpersonal relatedness and emotional expression may lead people to confl ate somatic impairment with psychological ones. Some with Möbius describe reduced experience of some emotional experience as children and its subsequent emergence late, through conscious up-regulation of gesture and prosody and through social imitation. The incidence and causes for this are unclear, but it could point towards the importance of embodied expression for experience and the need for social feedback. Though understanding of the experience of those with Möbius is important for its own sake and for medical and (life long) psychosocial support, its wider relevance is in showing what our faces do and how intersubjectivity is dependent on embodied expression through the face. INTERNATIONAL WORKSHOP - ENACTING INTERSUBJECTIVITY 9 INVITED SESSION 1 - Enactive Cognition, towards an embodied approach to the study of mind INTERSUBJECTIVITY AS A SOCIALLY EMBODIED AND DISTRIBUTED PHENOMENON JESSICA LINDBLOM Informatics There is an intense and ongoing debate concerning the nature and Research Centre, kinds of intersubjectivity within cognitive science and related di- University of sciplines. The still common and dominant view in cognitive science Skövde, Sweden suggests that agents relate to each other in much the same way as [email protected] they relate to other parts of the external world, i.e., by having more or less explicit internal representations of each other, which then are manipulated internally. In contrast, embodied and distributed versions of social interaction and cognition emphasize the way social cognition is shaped by the embodied agent’s interactions with the surrounding social and material world. My intention with this paper is to describe and illustrate how our everyday abilities for intersubjective engagement and interaction are grounded in socially distributed and embodied actions, functio- ning as a basis for mutual sharing of experience in joint activities. The paper consists of three main parts. Firstly, I describe how the distributed cognition approach can be complemented with recent fi nding in socially embodied cognitive science in explaining inter- subjectivity. Although embodied cognitive science pays attention to both the socio-cultural embedding of cognitive processes and their bodily basis, current theories of embodiment need to move beyond the present emphasis on the individual’s interactions, to interactions between agents and their social environment. The distributed cognition framework shows how some cognitive processes rather are properties at the system level than cognitive properties on the level of the individuals who participate in the actual situation. The emphasis in distributed cognition is, however, more on the socio-relational side rather than on the embodied side of the interactivist coin. Indeed, by using the distributed cognition system perspective as the unit of analysis, it functions as an appropriate approach of illustrating how intersubjectivity is enacted when embodied agents are co-operatively engaged in meaning-making activity. Secondly, I present an analysis of a real-world interaction between 10 INTERNATIONAL WORKSHOP - ENACTING INTERSUBJECTIVITY two co-operative participants showing how deeply and profoundly meaning-making activity emerges from socially embodied and di- stributed actions that form complex and