ww ww VOL. y h / NO. 10 AV 5771 - TISHREI 5772 / AUG. - OCT. 2011 YOMIM NORAIM EDITION s xc THEDaf a K ashrus a monthlyH newsletter for th e o U rabbinic field representative There was intent to replace the oven is not permitted rrugk tkt h,tc tk food is because it gives the One may not replace the food into appearance that one an oven only on top. is cooking (michzei chazara on k’mivashel) and not the issUr of chazara merely warming. This shabbos The Mishnah Berurah (Sha’ar was certainly true for Ha’Tzion 253:37) cites a disagree- the tanur of Chazal rabbi eli Gersten ment between the Rishonim (Rashi whose inside was pri- RC Recorder of OU Psak and Policy and Ran against Rabbeinu Tam) as marily used to cook to the reason for the issur of chazara. foods and whose top the Gemara Shabbos (36b) says that one Rashi (Shabbos 36b) and Ran (Shabbos was primarily used for may not reheat food on top of a fire on Dapei Ha’Rif 17b) explain that the issur warming. However, our Shabbos unless certain conditions are satis- is because of michzei k’mivashel (warm- ovens are designed to both fied. The Gemara/Shulchan Aruch enumer- ing foods on Shabbos looks like cooking). cook and warm inside. Therefore, Rav ates six conditions. Tosfos (Shabbos 36b U’Beis Hillel) holds the Belsky says that one may do chazara into The food must be fully cooked. issur is because of shema yichateh b’gechalim our ovens, provided the bottom is covered (one might come to stoke the fire). (garuf v’katum) and the other conditions 1 Lo nitztanen li’gamrei (the food did not are satisfied. This is also the opinion of chazara into today’s ovens cool down completely) Aruch Hashulchan 253:172. However, Rav There is a discussion amongst the Poskim The fire must be garuf or katum (raked Schachter disagrees3. Rav Schachter says in whether condition #6 applies to today’s out or covered). the name of Rav Soloveitchik Zt’l that the ovens. The Mishnah Berurah (253:58) The food must be held (not placed down) explains that the reason chazara into an continued on page 60 alike. The potatoes are brought to frying facilities, where they are HOLY fries sorted, de-stoned (there are lots of rocks that get mixed with the rabbi chaim GoldberG potato harvest!), washed, scrubbed (with brushes to remove the peel RC – Fish, Potato on those products that do not have the skin on), slightly pre-cooked (to keep the potatoes from shattering when they are cut), cut with Q: how are indUstrial french fries made? a water knife into various cut shapes (the potatoes are carried via a Exactly who came up with the idea of French fries is a matter of water flume – something like what you might ride in an inner-tube! serious debate (as serious as debate can be about such topics!), but – into a set of sized blades, which cuts each potato into its various there is no debate on the fact that industrial French fries were com- shapes), pre-cooked again (to soften up the potatoes a bit before fry- mercialized by J.R. Simplot in the 1940s. The first major French ing), battered (for those products that are extra crispy, or spicy) and fries customer (and the largest single source of industrial demand for fried in boiling oil. The finished product is frozen, bagged, placed the item until this day!) is McDonalds, whose into cases, and shipped to warehouses for distribution. famous golden shoe string French fry is world renowned (though not kosher). Q: what KashrUt issUes are there with french fries? The number one issue we are concerned with when it comes to French fries are made primarily French fries are those factories which produce for (or at one time from Russet-Burbank potatoes, and produced for) McDonalds, as their French fries are made with a a third of all Russet pota- special flavored oil which contains a beef tallow flavor (that is not toes grown in the United kosher). Since the beef tallow is present in the oil in enough con- States come from Idaho. centration for it to give non-kosher taste into the equipment, any Potatoes are harvested in piece of equipment which handles (or handled) McDonald’s (or August, and stored a whole any other beef tallow, or beef tallow flavored) French fry with heat year long for fresh potato con- needs to be kashered before it can be used to make OU certified sumption and industrial processing continued on page 63 Published by the Orthodox Union, Eleven Broadway, New York, NY 10004 please direct your comments to rabbi yosef Grossman, editor at 212-613-8212 or [email protected] LO BASI main con- hadchak that could not have been foreseen, people only use it for warming, may not be continued from page 59 cern of chaz- do we permit shevus d’shevus b’makom mitz- used for nesina lichatchila. ara is shema vah. Additionally, it is questionable as to yichateh. This we see from the Rema (O.C. whether hot kugel rises to the level of tzorech what type of foods may be 253:2) who permits chazara b’samuch to Shabbos4. Chazon Ish5 holds that even if a warmed? a tanur even though this seemingly only non-Jew were to do chazara without being Only dry fully cooked foods may be warmed. takes care of the issue of shema yichateh. asked, one would not be permitted to leave Even if the food improves (mitztamek v’yaffe Rav Schachter explains that one may not do the food on the fire. The non-removal itself lo) it may be reheated, but it must truly be chazara into an oven because this appears would be a violation. fully cooked. Fully cooked means that the to be a new nesina, just like if one placed food is completely edible as is and does not warming box: According to Tosfos need any additional cooking. Warming a down the food, and consequently one may the issur of chazara is because of shema not do a nesina lichatchila even if the fire food that is not fully cooked is a chashash yichateh. Therefore, according to Tosfos an issur d’oraisah of bishul on Shabbos. The is garuf v’katum, shema yichateh b’gechalim. oven that has no temperature dials, and has That today’s ovens have no top is irrelevant laws of chazara only take care of bishul no potential for shema yichateh can be used d’rabbanan, they do not help if the food is to this concern. Rav Belsky says that chaz- to warm fully cooked dry foods on Shabbos. ara b’samuch is permitted because it is not not fully cooked, unless one makes sure that This would be permitted even if one places the food is warmed only below yad soledes. michzei k’mivashel. Because this disagree- the food into the oven and not merely on ment is unresolved, the OU policy is not to top. However according to Rashi and Ran Because of nolad (turning solids into liq- permit chazara into an oven. one may not warm in such an oven if it is uids), one may not place into an oven a pan which contains a lot of congealed fat that will nesina lichatchila able to reach normal cooking temperatures melt and turn to a pool of liquid. One should If the food was not on the fire at the start of (180˚F), since there would still be a concern pour off all liquid fat before Shabbos. Then Shabbos, it may not be returned to the fire, of michzei k’mivashel. even if a small amount of fat remains, it may even if the food was fully cooked and the fire Since Rav Schachter holds that we b’ikar be reheated on Shabbos without a concern was garuf v’katum. This would be a violation follows Tosfos, a warming oven that has of nolad 7. of chazara. only one setting can be used to warm fully For example, one may not take a dry kugel cooked dry foods on Shabbos. However, sUmmary: from the fridge and place it onto a blech to if it has a dial, merely taping up the dial is If one wishes to do chazara on Shabbos, heat up on Shabbos. not adequate, as this would at best be the they must be mindful of the 6 conditions. equivalent of garuf v’katum which would There is a disagreement among poskim is there an acceptable way to not allow nesina lichatchila. However, Rav warm foods on shabbos? as to whether one can do chazara into Belsky points out that even if the warmer today’s ovens; therefore the OU does not K’deira al gabei K’deira: Shulchan has no dial we should be machmir, since permit this. Aruch (O.C. 253:5) says that one may warm Mishnah Berurah gives weight to the opinion a fully cooked dry food on top of a pot that of Rashi and Ran. Therefore the OU policy One may warm fully cooked dry food on .is to only allow nesina lichatchila when both Shabbos k’deira al gabei k’deira לפי שאין דרך בישול בכך ,is already on the fire – it is obvious that the intention is to warm the opinions of Tosfos and Ran are satisfied. One may not ask a non-Jew to do chazara and not to cook. A modern day application The oven does not get hotter than 180˚ F in a way that would be forbidden for a Jew.