ch The Modern Theologians a pter 1 i The Great Theologians A comprehensive series devoted to highlighting the major theologians of different periods. Each theologian is presented by a world-renowned scholar. Published The Modern Theologians, Third Edition An Introduction to Christian Theology since 1918 David F. Ford with Rachel Muers The Medieval Theologians An Introduction to Theology in the Medieval Period G. R. Evans The Reformation Theologians An Introduction to Theology in the Early Modern Period Carter Lindberg The First Christian Theologians An Introduction to Theology in the Early Church G. R. Evans The Pietist Theologians An Introduction to Theology in the Seventeenth and Eighteenth Centuries Carter Lindberg ii The Modern Theologians An Introduction to Christian Theology since 1918 Third Edition Edited by David F. Ford University of Cambridge With Rachel Muers University of Exeter iii © 2005 by Blackwell Publishing Ltd except for editorial material and organization © 2005 by David F. Ford BLACKWELL PUBLISHING 350 Main Street, Malden, MA 02148-5020, USA 9600 Garsington Road, Oxford OX4 2DQ, UK 550 Swanston Street, Carlton, Victoria 3053, Australia The right of David F. Ford to be identified as the Author of the Editorial Material in this Work has been asserted in accordance with the UK Copyright, Designs, and Patents Act 1988. All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise, except as permitted by the UK Copyright, Designs, and Patents Act 1988, without the prior permission of the publisher. First published 2005 by Blackwell Publishing Ltd 1 2005 Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data The modern theologians : an introduction to Christian theology since 1918.— 3rd ed. / edited by David F. Ford with Rachel Muers. p. cm—(The great theologians) Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN-13: 978-1-4051-0276-6 (hard cover : alk. paper) ISBN-10: 1-4051-0276-4 (hard cover : alk. paper) ISBN-13: 978-1-4051-0277-3 (pbk. : alk. paper) ISBN-10: 1-4051-0277-2 (pbk. : alk. paper) 1. Theology, Doctrinal—History—20th century. 2. Theology, Doctrinal—History—21st century. I. Ford, David, 1948– II. Muers, Rachel. III. Series. BT28.M59 2005 230′.09′04—dc22 2004029751 A catalogue record for this title is available from the British Library. Set in 10/12pt Galliard by Graphicraft Limited, Hong Kong Printed and bound in the United Kingdom by TJ International Ltd, Padstow The publisher’s policy is to use permanent paper from mills that operate a sustainable forestry policy, and which has been manufactured from pulp processed using acid-free and elementary chlorine-free practices. Furthermore, the publisher ensures that the text paper and cover board used have met acceptable environmental accreditation standards. For further information on Blackwell Publishing, visit our website: www.blackwellpublishing.com iv Contents Preface viii Acknowledgments xii Notes on Contributors xiv Introduction to Modern Christian Theology David F. Ford 1 Part I Classics of the Twentieth Century 17 1 Karl Barth Daniel W. Hardy 21 2 Dietrich Bonhoeffer Wayne Whitson Floyd 43 3 Paul Tillich David H. Kelsey 62 4 Henri de Lubac John Milbank 76 5 Karl Rahner Karen Kilby 92 6 Hans Urs von Balthasar Ben Quash 106 Part II Theological Responses to Modernity in Europe and the USA 125 Section A Germany 7 Wolfhart Pannenberg Christoph Schwöbel 129 8 Jürgen Moltmann Richard Bauckham 147 Section B Britain 9 T. F. Torrance Daniel W. Hardy 163 10 Anglican Theology Peter Sedgwick 178 Section C USA 11 H. Richard Niebuhr Stanley Hauerwas 194 12 Reinhold Niebuhr William Werpehowski 204 13 Revisionists and Liberals James J. Buckley 213 Section D The Contemporary Scene: Reappropriating Traditions 14 Postliberal Theology James Fodor 229 v Contents 15 Systematic Theology after Barth: Jüngel, Jenson, and Gunton John Webster 249 16 Roman Catholic Theology after Vatican II Paul D. Murray 265 Section E Texts, Truth, and Signification 17 Biblical Interpretation Anthony C. Thiselton 287 18 Philosophical Theology Ingolf U. Dalferth 305 19 Postmodern Theology Graham Ward 322 Part III Theology and the Sciences 339 20 Theology and the Physical Sciences Philip Clayton 342 21 Theology and the Biological Sciences Celia Deane-Drummond 357 22 Theology and the Social Sciences Richard H. Roberts 370 Part IV Theology, Prayer, and Practice 389 23 Theology and Spirituality Mark A. McIntosh 392 24 Pastoral and Practical Theology Stephen Pattison and Gordon Lynch 408 Part V Particularizing Theology 427 25 Feminism, Gender, and Theology Rachel Muers 431 26 Black Theology of Liberation Dwight N. Hopkins 451 27 Latin American Liberation Theology Rebecca S. Chopp and Ethna Regan 469 28 African Theology Tinyiko Sam Maluleke 485 29 Theologies of South Asia Felix Wilfred 502 30 Contextual Theology in East Asia Archie Chi Chung Lee 518 31 Postcolonial Biblical Interpretation R. S. Sugirtharajah 535 Part VI Global Engagements 553 32 Ecumenical Theology Mary Tanner 556 33 Eastern Orthodox Theology Rowan Williams 572 34 Pentecostal and Charismatic Theology Allan Anderson 589 35 Evangelical Theology David F. Wells 608 Part VII Theology Between Faiths 623 36 Theology of Religions Gavin D’Costa 626 37 Judaism and Christian Theology Peter Ochs 645 38 Islam and Christian Theology Ataullah Siddiqui 663 39 Buddhism and Christian Theology Paul O. Ingram 682 Part VIII Theology in Many Media 703 40 Theology and the Visual Arts John W. de Gruchy 706 41 Theology and Music Jeremy S. Begbie 719 42 Theology and Film Jolyon Mitchell 736 vi Contents Epilogue: Twelve Theses for Christian Theology in the Twenty-first Century David F. Ford 760 Glossary 762 Index 794 vii Preface The main aim of this volume is to introduce the thought of most leading Christian theologians and movements in theology since the end of World War I (1914–18). Two criteria of selection were that the theologians should have written construct- ively on a broad range of theological issues, and that they should be widely studied at present, especially in universities, seminaries, and by others at the third level. There were also the more controversial criteria of quality and significance, and in some cases these have been decisive for inclusion. The contributors are mostly based in Europe or North America and come from a wide range of institutions, denominational backgrounds, and countries. Most are themselves constructively engaged in modern theology, and their purpose has been both to produce a scholarly account of their subject and also to carry further the theological dialogue in each case. So the aim has been partly “historical theology” but also the sort of engaged discussion that comes from those who are practitioners in the field. We have been acutely aware of the impossibility of trying to look at this vast field from every angle and of the limitations in our chosen way of trying to do some justice to it. The chapters try to help readers to think in a way appropriate to a theologian or movement while also encouraging dialogue and argument. The only way this can happen adequately is by close study of a theologian’s writings, and it is to these above all that we aim to introduce readers. The main intended use of this volume is therefore to prepare for, accompany, and aid reflection on the study of texts. Yet few will be able to read all these theologies, so the complementary intention is to give some grasp of the rest of the field, beyond what any particular person has read. There is a common pattern followed by most of the contributors: introduction, survey, content (concentrating on the main issues of a theology, or on particular members of movements), the debate about the content, an assessment of the theo- logy’s influence, achievement, and agenda for the future, and a short bibliography. Yet contributors have been allowed considerable freedom to adapt this pattern to their topic. In addition, each part of the book has a brief introduction. At the end of viii Preface the volume there is a glossary of key words and phrases which a student entering the field might not have met already. The grouping of theologians and movements into parts and sections should not have too much read into it. The arrangement has not been arrived at easily, because other schemes had almost equal advantages, and students of the two previous edi- tions will notice the changes. Our brief introductions try to explain the selections, but the overriding concern has been for the particularity of each theology as under- stood by another theologian. Part 1 concentrates on six theologians who are considered as classics of the twentieth century: Barth, Bonhoeffer, Tillich, de Lubac, Rahner, and Balthasar. (Bultmann probably deserves a place here too, but he is discussed under the heading of biblical interpretation in chapter 17.) None of those chosen is now living, three are Protestant, three Roman Catholic, and all except de Lubac are from German- speaking Europe (three Germans, two Swiss). That German-language tradition of academic theology perhaps deserves its prominence in this volume because, for all its problems and peculiarities, it is, as the Introduction explains, the most sustained and intensive example of engagement in the enterprise of modern theology in the nine- teenth and twentieth centuries. To know that tradition is to be acquainted with a range of paradigmatic attempts to tackle key issues of modernity and religion in theology. It is not by any means all-inclusive, but it has the diversity, the coherence, and the thinkers of genius that make it educationally the best single tradition through which to be introduced to what it means to do Christian theology in intelligent engagement with modern disciplines, societies, churches, and traumatic events.