Management of academic multimedia content for long­ term access and inter­institutional exchange Work package 4: Archival strategies / Handling and persistent identification of objects Glossary AIP Archival Information Package DIP Dissemination Information Package IANA Internet Assigned Numbers Authority ISO International Organisation for Standardisation MIME Multipurpose Internet Mail Extensions MPEG Moving Picture Experts Group OAIS Open Archival System PDI Preserving Data Information SIP Submission Information Package URL Uniform Resource Locator URN Uniform Resource Name 2 Table of contents D 4.1 Report on file formats and quality standards of multimedia documents. 5 Introduction .......................................................................................................................................5 General: container format vs. codec...........................................................................................5 Video containers ...............................................................................................................................6 MPEG‐4 Part 14 (MP4).................................................................................................................................6 Audio Video Interleave (AVI) ....................................................................................................................6 Flash Video (FLV) ...........................................................................................................................................7 OGG .......................................................................................................................................................................8 Video codecs.......................................................................................................................................9 MPEG‐4 Part 10 (H.264/ MPEG‐4 Advanced Video Coding (MPEG‐4 AVC))........................9 MPEG‐4 Part 2 / MPEG‐4 Visual (MPEG‐4 Advanced Simple Profile) .....................................9 THEORA ..............................................................................................................................................................9 HuffYUV............................................................................................................................................................10 Audio codecs.................................................................................................................................... 11 MPEG‐1 Audio Layer 3 (MP3) ................................................................................................................11 Advanced Audio Coding (AAC) ..............................................................................................................11 Vorbis................................................................................................................................................................12 Summary of formats and supported codecs......................................................................... 13 Browser support for formats and codecs.............................................................................. 13 Streaming ......................................................................................................................................... 13 D 4.2 Report on the Swiss community multimedia needs in terms of distribution formats and long­term preservation.....................................................14 Introduction .................................................................................................................................... 14 Media distribution.......................................................................................................................................14 Archiving .........................................................................................................................................................14 D 4.3 Report on a general strategy allowing long­term preservation of multimedia content..............................................................................................................15 Introduction .................................................................................................................................... 15 Open Archival System (OAIS) .................................................................................................... 15 Mandatory responsibilities of an OAIS...............................................................................................16 Functional entities.......................................................................................................................................16 Digital migration ..........................................................................................................................................17 General strategy............................................................................................................................. 18 Goals of a long‐term preservation strategy......................................................................................18 Elements of a long‐term preservation strategy..............................................................................19 Developing a long‐term preservation strategy...............................................................................20 Best practices.................................................................................................................................. 21 Multimedia quality......................................................................................................................................21 File formats ....................................................................................................................................................21 Archival vs. distribution ...........................................................................................................................22 Persistent identification ...........................................................................................................................22 References ...............................................................................................................................25 Annex A: Open Archival Information System and Long­term preservation of electronic document­based information ......................................................................26 3 Open Archival Information System – reference model (ISO 14721)............................ 26 Scope .................................................................................................................................................................26 Basics of an OAIS..........................................................................................................................................26 Types of information packages..............................................................................................................29 Mandatory responsibilities of an OAIS...............................................................................................29 Functional entities.......................................................................................................................................31 Sustainability and digital migration ....................................................................................................32 Types of migrations....................................................................................................................................32 Long­term preservation of electronic document­based information (ISO 18492). 34 Scope .................................................................................................................................................................34 Goals of a long‐term preservation strategy......................................................................................34 Elements of a long‐term preservation strategy..............................................................................35 Developing a long‐term preservation strategy...............................................................................37 Table of figures Figure 1: Containers and supported codecs.................................................................. 13 Figure 2: Browser video support ....................................................................................... 13 Figure 3: Simple model of an Open Archival Information System (OAIS)........ 26 Figure 4: Data interpreted using Representation information produces Information.................................................................................................................................. 27 Figure 5: Information package associated to descriptive information.............. 28 4 D 4.1 Report on file formats and quality standards of multimedia documents Introduction In the world of multimedia content, there exist a very large number of formats and codecs. This study concentrates on the more widely used as well as the more appropriate for the task of long‐term preservation of multimedia content. General: container format vs. codec When speaking of multimedia files, we often say “avi” or “mp4” files. However, “avi” and “mp4” are just container formats that define how to store video and audio data streams inside a file. A container will allow storing several tracks