MAKERERE UNIVERSITY ESTABLISHMENT OF FEMALE STUDENTS’ PARTICIPATION IN PHYSICAL ACTIVITY IN SELECTED SECONDARY SCHOOLS IN KAMPALA BY KAMARA ROGERS 16/U/5314/PS KISAKYE VICTO 16/U/6147/PS KUSOLO JULIUS 16/U/489 A RESEARCH REPORT SUBMITTED TO THE DEPARTMENT OF SCIENCE, TECHNICAL AND VOCATIONAL EDUCATION IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE AWARD OF THE DEGREE OF BACHELOR OF SCIENCE WITH EDUCATION (BIOLOGICAL) OF MAKERERE UNIVERSITY AUGUST, 2019 1 DEDICATION We dedicate this research work to our beloved i DECLARATION We, the under signed, do declare that this research report entitled “Establishment of Female Students’ Participation in Physical Activity in Selected Secondary Schools in Kampala” is our original work, except where ideas of other writers and scholars are specifically acknowledged. It has never been presented to any university or institution of high learning for any a degree award or any other awards. NAME REGISTRATION NUMBER SIGNATURE KAMARA ROGERS 16/U/5314/PS KISAKYE VICTO 16/U/6147/PS KUSOLO JULIUS 16/U/489 Date................................................... ii iii APPROVAL iv ACKNOWLEDGEMENT We would like to express our sincere gratitude to all those who supported and encouraged us to complete this project report with special thanks to our beloved lecturers at the Department of Science, Technical and Vocational Education, Makerere University for his wisdom, encouragement and remarkable guidance. These include Besweri Wandera (Mr) who supervised this work to the end, Nicholas Elijah Mulabi (Mr), Edward Kansiime (Mr), Dr. Henry Busulwa (PhD), John Mugera (Mr), Dr. Allen Naluggwa (PhD) and Dr. John Sentongo (PhD). We appreciate our classmates the BIO/PE class and the entire Education class of 2018/2019 finalists. You were such a commendable group of learners whose kindness and inspiration kept us going. Finally, we would like to appreciate the creator, the Almighty God for bringing us this far through the academic channel at the Ivory tower. It's not for granted that we made it to the Ivory Tower and we are cognisant that many have not made it to this level. v TABLE OF CONTENTS DEDICATION ............................................................................................................................................... i DECLARATION .......................................................................................................................................... ii APPROVAL ................................................................................................................................................ iv ACKNOWLEDGEMENT ............................................................................................................................ v TABLE OF CONTENTS ............................................................................................................................. vi LIST OF FIGURES ...................................................................................................................................... x ABSTRACT ................................................................................................................................................ xii CHAPTER ONE ........................................................................................................................................... 1 INTRODUCTION ........................................................................................................................................ 1 1.1Background to the Study .......................................................................................................................... 1 1.2. Problem Statement ................................................................................................................................. 3 1.3. Justification of the Study ....................................................................................................................... 3 1.4. Aim of the Study .................................................................................................................................... 4 1.5. Specific Objectives of the Study ............................................................................................................. 4 1.6. Research Questions ................................................................................................................................ 4 1.7. Significance of the Study ....................................................................................................................... 4 1.8. Scope of Study ....................................................................................................................................... 5 1.7. Definitions of terms ............................................................................................................................... 5 CHAPTER TWO .......................................................................................................................................... 7 LITERATURE REVIEW ............................................................................................................................. 7 2.0. Introduction ............................................................................................................................................ 7 2.1 General overview of Participation levels in school sports in the East African Region .......................... 7 2.2 Benefits of Physical Education and Sport to students ............................................................................. 8 2.3. Challenges to Girls Participation in PE and Sports .............................................................................. 10 vi 2.3.1. Socio- Cultural Influence .................................................................................................................. 10 2.3.2. Self-Confidence ................................................................................................................................ 10 2.3.3. Motivation ......................................................................................................................................... 11 2.3.4. Values ............................................................................................................................................... 12 2.3.5. Limited Support from the Stakeholders ............................................................................................ 13 2.3.6 Gender sensitive Curriculum ............................................................................................................. 14 2.3.7. Inefficient Teaching Approach ......................................................................................................... 15 2.4 Strategies to increase the Participation levels of Girls in Sports .......................................................... 16 2.4.1 Promoting participation and sensitization .......................................................................................... 16 2.4.3 Class Grouping based on Ability and Gender .................................................................................... 17 2.4.4 Physical Education Empowerment .................................................................................................... 17 CHAPTER THREE .................................................................................................................................... 18 METODOLOGY ........................................................................................................................................ 18 3.0 Introduction ........................................................................................................................................... 18 3.1. Research Design ................................................................................................................................... 18 3.2 Study Area ............................................................................................................................................ 18 3.2.1. Old Kampala Senior Secondary School ............................................................................................ 19 3.2.2 Makerere College School ................................................................................................................... 19 3.2.3 Mengo Secondary School .................................................................................................................. 19 3.3 Study population ................................................................................................................................... 19 3.4 Sampling and sample procedure .......................................................................................................... 20 3.4.1 Sampling ............................................................................................................................................. 20 3.4.2 Sampling procedure .................................................................................................................... 20 3.5. Data Collection Tools and Methods ..................................................................................................... 21 3.5.1 Questionnaire ..................................................................................................................................... 21 vii 3.5.2 Observation .......................................................................................................................................