ISSN 0013-8738, Entomological Review, 2015, Vol. 95, No. 5, pp. 681–686. © Pleiades Publishing, Inc., 2015. Original Russian Text © M.V. Orlova, A.V. Zhigalin, A.M. Khritankov, 2015, published in Parazitologiya, 2015, Vol. 49, No. 2, pp. 119–127. New Findings of Ectoparasites of Bats (Chiroptera: Vespertilionidae) in Southern Siberia M. V. Orlovaa, A. V. Zhigalina, and A. M. Khritankovb aNational Research Tomsk State University, Tomsk, 634050 Russia bErgaki Nature Park, Ermakovskoe, Krasnoyarsk Territory, Russia e-mail: [email protected] Received August 1, 2014 Abstract – Data on new findings of ectoparasites (mites and insects) of bats (Chiroptera: Vespertilionidae) in the Western Sayan and Tuva are presented. The bat fly Basilia mongolensis mongolensis Theodor, 1966 is reported for the first time from the territory of Russia. The gamasid mite Spinturnix bregetovae Stanyukovich, 1995 is new to the region. New hosts are described for some ectoparasites. DOI: 10.1134/S0013873815050127 Southern Siberia embraces the territory of the Altai- MATERIALS AND METHODS Sayan mountain country and is characterized by a high Bats were collected in the summer seasons of 2007– diversity of climatic conditions which are mostly de- 2013, in the southeast of Tuva Republic and the south termined by the terrain: from the dry steppe subzone in of Krasnoyarsk Territory (Table 1). Ten individuals of depressions to the mountain taiga belt in the low and bats were examined in hard-to-reach areas of the re- middle mountains (Vinogradov, 2012). gion: 5 ind. of the eastern water bat Myotis petax Hol- The bats are represented in the South Siberian fauna lister, 1912, 4 ind. of David’s myotis M. davidii Pe- by at least 13 species from 5 genera of the only family ters, 1869, and 1 ind. of the northern bat Eptesicus Vespertilionidae. The ectoparasites of bats remain nilssonii (Keyserling, Blasius, 1839); 126 ind. of para- little studied, data on them being fragmentary and sitic arthropods (mites and insects) were collected from these bats. scattered. Earlier, 17 species of bat ectoparasites, in- cluding 11 species of gamasid mites and 6 species of The ectoparasites were collected by a standard insects, were described by other authors for Kras- method, i.e., removed using tweezers and preparatory noyarsk Territory; the published data on Tuva were needles and fixed in 70% ethanol. The mites were absent. Our research in the territories of Tuva and the mounted on slides in Faure-Berlese liquid (Bregetova, south of Krasnoyarsk Territory confirmed the presence 1956) and examined under the Nikon Eclipse 50i and of 9 species previously known from Southern Siberia MBS-10 light microscopes. The collected mites, flies, (Stanyukovich, 1997; Orlova, 2014). and fleas were identified using the available keys (Theodor, 1967; Medvedev, 1985; Stanyukovich, As the result of new field studies in Southern Sibe- 1997; Lehr, 1999). ria (Table 1) we confirmed once more the presence of The ranges are described in accordance with the 9 species (Table 2), including several rare and little terminology of Gorodkov (1984). studied ones, and described new hosts for some of them. The bat fly Basilia m. mongolensis Theodor, The Bats of Southern Siberia and the Eastern 1966 was recorded for the first time in the territory of Palaearctic Russia. The gamasid mite Spinturnix bregetovae To-date, 13 bat species of the family Vespertilioni- Stanyukovich, 1995 was found for the first time in dae are known in the temperate zone of the Eastern Southern Siberia. Palaearctic. Earlier, there was an opinion that only Information on the new and little studied ecto- 6 of them had exclusively Eastern Palaearctic ranges: parasites of the Eastern Palaearctic bats is given Hilgendorf’s tube-nosed bat Murina hilgendorfi Pe- below. ters, 1880, the Ussuri tube-nosed bat Murina ussurien- 681 682 ORLOVA et al. Table 1. Collection sites of bat ectoparasites in Tuva Republic and southern Krasnoyarsk Territory Capture dates, host Geographic No. Collection site Landscape species, and number coordinates of ind. collected Tuva Republic 1 Sush River valley 52°04'N; 94°03'E Gallery forest in the steppe zone VIII.2013 Myotis petax (1) 2 Uyuk River valley 52°02'N; 94°10'E Gallery forest in the steppe zone VIII.2013 Myotis petax (2) 3 Lake Tere-Khol area 50°39'N; 93°01'E Steppe zone VII.2007 Myotis petax (2) Krasnoyarsk Territory Sayano-Shushensky National Biosphere Reserve 4 Maly Shugur and Urbun 51°48'N; 92°08'E Gallery forest in low mountain steppe VII.2012 River valleys Myotis davidii (3) 5 Khem-Terektik 51°54'N; 91°58'E Boundary between low mountain steppe VII.2012 River valley and taiga Myotis davidii (1) Ermakovsky District 6 Env. of Raz’’ezzhee 53°07'N; 92°29'E Mixed forest VII.2011 Eptesicus nilssonii (1) sis Ognev, 1913, the Asian parti-colored bat Vesper- M. nipalensis (Dobson, 1871) (Benda and Tsytsulina, tilio sinensis Peters, 1880, the eastern long-fingered 2000; Matveev et al., 2005; Spitzenberger et al., 2006; bat Myotis macrodactylus (Temminck, 1840), the fra- Kruskop et al., 2012). ternal myotis Myotis frater G. Allen, 1823, and Ikon- Thus, the boreal Siberian-Far Eastern faunistic nikov’s myotis Myotis ikonnikovi Ognev, 1912. How- complex presently comprises 10 species of bats, in- ever, the list of Siberian-Far Eastern bats was recently cluding the most common and widely distributed spe- supplemented with new cryptic species separated from cies which form the core of the bat fauna of Southern several supposedly trans-Palaearctic forms. In particu- Siberia: the eastern water bat, Hilgendorf’s tube-nosed lar, the eastern water bat Myotis petax Hollister, 1912 bat, Siberian bat, etc. However, David’s myotis is not was long considered a subspecies of Daubenton’s bat included into this complex since it is a subboreal spe- M. daubentonii (Kuhl, 1817). The Siberian bat cies, its northern range boundary passing along the M. sibiricus Kastschenko, 1905, earlier considered south slope of the Western Sayan. a subspecies of Brandt’s bat Myotis brandtii (Evers- mann, 1845), was elevated to the species status. The Data on the ectoparasite fauna generally support the Far Eastern myotis Myotis bombinus Thomas, 1906 correctness of the newly established bat species. The core of the bat parasite fauna of the Eastern Palaearc- was separated from the Natterer’s bat Myotis nattereri tic boreal zone is formed by specific mites and insects (Kuhl, 1817). The Japanese long-eared bat Plecotus which also have Siberian-Far Eastern ranges (Orlova ognevi Kishida, 1927, earlier regarded as a subspecies et al., 2013). The most common and widespread spe- of the brown long-eared bat Plecotus auritus (Lin- cific ectoparasites of the eastern water bat are the ga- naeus, 1758), is also considered now a distinct species. masid mite Macronyssus charusnurensis Dusbabek, At the same time, a number of forms which were 1966 and the bat flies Nycteribia quasiocellata (Theo- earlier included into the Eastern Palaearctic complex dor, 1966) and Basilia rybini (Hurka, 1969). These of small light-colored brown bats, are now regarded as parasites are almost unknown in Europe and the one species, David’s myotis Myotis davidii Peters, Urals, except for extremely rare cases of occasional 1869. This complex included the whiskered bat introduction of M. charusnurensis (Orlova, 2014), M. mystacinus (Kuhl, 1817), the steppe bat M. aura- whereas the European sibling species Myotis dauben- scens (Kuzyakin, 1935), and the Nepalese myotis tonii is parasitized by the gamasid mite Macronyssus ENTOMOLOGICAL REVIEW Vol. 95 No. 5 2015 NEW FINDINGS OF ECTOPARASITES OF BATS 683 Table 2. Findings of bat ectoparasites in Tuva and adjacent areas Species of hosts Species of ectoparasites Myotis Myotis Eptesicus Regions of previous findings petax davidii nilssonii Spinturnix bregetovae 9 – – Primorskii Territory (Ussuri Reserve) Macronyssus charusnurensis 10 – – The Urals, East Kazakhstan, West and East Siberia, the Far East Macronyssus heteromorphus 2 – – East Siberia, the Far East, the Kuril Islands Macronyssus hosonoi 4 – – Altai, Krasnoyarsk Territory, the Far East, the Kuril Is- lands, Japan Steatonyssus spinosus 13 – – The Palaearctic from the British Isles to the Pacific Ocean Steatonyssus superans 6 – – The Urals, West and East Siberia, the Far East Basilia m. mongolensis – 10 – Kazakhstan, Central Asia, Mongolia Basilia rybini 16 – – East Kazakhstan, West and East Siberia, the Far East Nycteribia quasiocellata 42 – – East Kazakhstan, West and East Siberia, the Far East, the Kuril Islands Penicillidia monoceros 7 – – East Kazakhstan, West and East Siberia, the Far East, the Kuril Islands Myodopsylla trisellis 5 – – The Boreal zone from the Baltic coast to the Far East Cimex sp. – – 2 – Total 114 10 2 Sources of data: Senotrusova and Tagiltsev, 1968; Dusbabek and Radovsky, 1972; Uchikawa, 1979; Micherdzinski, 1980; Stanyukovich, 1995; Medvedev et al., 1991; Polkanov and Medvedev, 1997; Stanyukovich, 1997; Lehr, 1999; Orlova et al., 2013, 2014; Orlova, 2014; original data. diversipilis (Vitzthum, 1920) and the bat fly Nycteri- 2. Macronyssus hosonoi Uchikawa, 1979. This is bia kolenatii Theodor et Moscona, 1954 which, in a Central-Eastern Palaearctic species which was de- their turn, were not recorded east of the trans-Ural scribed in Japan from the whiskered bat Myotis region (Medvedev et al., 1991; Orlova et al., 2014). mystacinus (Kuhl, 1817) s. lato, i.e., probably from M. gracilis Ognev, 1927. The species is scarce and RESULTS little studied. Up till now, single individuals of A considerable part of the arthropods collected is M. hosonoi have been found in Krasnoyarsk Territory common to the region and the hosts (Medvedev et al., (Stanyukovich, 1997) and Altai (our data) on the Sibe- 1991; Orlova et al., 2014) (Table 2). However, in our rian bat M. sibiricus Kastschenko, 1905. Other re- opinion, some findings are of special interest. ported hosts are Ikonnikov’s bat M.