www.michigan.gov/dnr Eastern Upper Peninsula Ecoregion Management Plan Michigan Department of Natural Resources IC 4223 (DRAFT Rev. 07/27/2006) D R A F T Table of Contents Table of Contents .........................................................................................................................2 List of Figures ...............................................................................................................................6 List of Tables.................................................................................................................................8 List of Appendices........................................................................................................................8 Executive Summary.....................................................................................................................9 1 - Understanding the Ecoregion Plan....................................................................................10 1.1 - Purpose & Use of the Plan..........................................................................................10 1.2 - Plan Organization and Relationship to Other Plans ................................................13 1.3 - Use of Criteria & Indicators..........................................................................................13 1.4 - Plan Communications, Implementation & Review Requirements.........................15 1.5 - Location of the Ecoregion and boundaries of Division management units..........16 1.5.1 Office of Land and Facilities (OLAF)/Facilities Operations and Support (FOS). .......................................................................................................................................45 1.5.2 Law Enforcement Division, (LED)..........................................................................45 1.5.3 Fisheries Division.....................................................................................................45 1.5.4 Parks and Recreation Division...............................................................................45 1.5.5 Forest, Mineral, and Fire Management Division (FMFMD)...............................45 1.5.6 Wildlife Division (WD)..............................................................................................45 1.5.7 Federal Land Management Units ..........................................................................18 1.5.8 Governmental Units .................................................................................................19 1.5.7 Conservancy Lands .................................................................................................21 1.5.8. Private and Investment Lands...............................................................................23 2 – History of the Eastern Upper Peninsula...........................................................................26 2.1 - Pre-settlement History..................................................................................................26 2.2 - Post-settlement History................................................................................................29 2.3 - Contemporary History...................................................................................................32 3 - Current Forest Conditions and Trends..............................................................................33 3.1 - General Land Cover and Forest Resource Base.....................................................33 3.1.1 - Ecoregion-wide Forest Conditions and Trends.................................................34 3.1.2 - DNR-owned Forest Land Conditions and Trends.............................................45 3.2 - Forest Health Conditions and Trends ........................................................................45 3.3 Rare and Exemplary Natural Communities...............................................................45 3.4 - Wildlife Conditions and Trends ...................................................................................45 3.3.1- Forested Habitats....................................................................................................45 3.3.2 Upland Open-land and Shrub-land Habitats.......................................................45 Wetland Habitats ...............................................................................................................45 3.5 - Water and Fisheries Conditions and Trends ............................................................45 3.6 - Socioeconomic Context - Human Uses and Trends ...............................................45 4 - Ecoregional Management Direction ..................................................................................45 4.1 - Definition of Terms........................................................................................................45 4.1.1 - Desired Future Conditions....................................................................................45 4.1.2 - Goals........................................................................................................................45 4.1.3 - Objectives ...............................................................................................................45 4.1.4 - Standards................................................................................................................45 2 of 244 D R A F T 4.1.5 - Guidelines ...............................................................................................................45 4.1.6 – Guidelines ..............................................................................................................45 4.2 - Desired Future Conditions, Goals & Objectives.......................................................45 4.2.1 - Recreation Management ......................................................................................45 4.2.1.1 – Boating and Fishing Access Sites and Marinas/Harbors ........................45 4.2.1.2 - Recreational Trails .........................................................................................45 4.2.1.3 - Campgrounds..................................................................................................45 4.2.1.4 - Visual Management .......................................................................................45 4.2.2 – Resource and Vegetation Management............................................................45 4.2.2.1 - Biodiversity......................................................................................................45 4.2.2.2 – Forest Resources ..........................................................................................45 4.2.2.3 – Wildlife .............................................................................................................45 4.2.2.4 – Fisheries..........................................................................................................45 4.2.2.5 – Rare and Exemplary Communities.............................................................45 4.2.3 – Watershed Management .....................................................................................45 4.2.3.1 – Soil Resources ...............................................................................................45 4.2.3.2 - Riparian Areas & Wetlands...........................................................................45 4.2.4 - Species of Greatest Concern...............................................................................45 4.2.4.1 - Federal Threatened & Endangered Species..............................................45 4.2.4.2- Species of Special Concern...........................................................................45 4.2.5 - Land Use Management.........................................................................................45 4.2.5.1 - Easements.......................................................................................................45 4.2.5.2 - Special Use Permits and Leases.................................................................45 4.2.6 - Minerals & Geology...............................................................................................45 4.2.6.1 – Nonmetallic Mineral Development ..............................................................45 4.2.6.2– Unique Geologic Feature...............................................................................45 4.2.7 - Forest Pest Management.....................................................................................45 4.2.7.1 – Insects& Diseases.........................................................................................45 4.2.7.2 - Invasive Species.............................................................................................45 4.2.8 - Fire Management...................................................................................................45 4.2.8.1 - Fuel Management...........................................................................................45 4.2.8.2 - Prescribed Fire................................................................................................45 4.2.8.3 - Fire Prevention................................................................................................45 4.2.8.4 - Fire Suppression.............................................................................................45 4.2.9 - Land Ownership.....................................................................................................45