Indigenous Policy and Mutual Obligation McCausland and Levy Accounting for Everyday Incivility Phillips Money, legitimacy and community Andrew sector politics SPRING 2006 VOLUME 41 NUMBER 3 SPRING 2006 Wage recovery chances Maconachie and Goodwin Workplace dynamics and teachers: Timms, Graham Gender implications and Caltabiano Looking After Children in Australia Tregeagle and Treleaven VOLUME 41 NUMBER 3 AUSTRALIAN JOURNAL OF SOCIAL ISSUES is published by the Australian Council of Social Service to provide an inter-disciplinary forum for debate on significant and controversial social issues. It deals with questions of social justice as most broadly defined. Articles discuss particular social issues, review conceptual problems, present empirical reports and debate policy alternatives. The journal is editorially independent of the Council and the universities to which editors and contributors are affiliated. 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Locked Bag 4777 ISSN 0157-6321 • Associate members receive 10% off Strawberry Hills NSW 2012 publications Layout & typesetting by • Prices are in Australian dollars and Phone: (02) 9310 4844 www.pagemakers.com.au include GST. Fax: (02) 9310 4822 Email: [email protected] Printing by the Pirion, Fyshwick. • Add AUS$10 per single item for Overseas Airmail delivery. www.acoss.org.au Indigenous Policy and Mutual Obligation: Ruth McCausland 277-294 Shared or Shifting Responsibility Agreements? and Marc Levy Accounting for Everyday Incivility: Timothy Phillips 295-311 an Australian study Learning to love (the state) again? Money, Merrindahl Andrew 313-326 SPRING 2006 legitimacy and community sector politics Recouping wage underpayment: Glenda Maconachie 327-342 increasingly less likely? and Miles Goodwin Gender Implication of Perceptions of Carolyn Timms, 343-358 Trustworthiness of School Administration Deborah Graham and and Teacher Burnout/Job Stress Marie Caltabiano Key questions in considering guided practice Susan Tregeagle 359-368 VOLUME 41 NUMBER 3 for vulnerable Australian children and Lesley Treleaven Book Reviews Larissa Bamberry, 369-376 John Tomlinson and Anthony Welch 2006 Notes for Contributors 377-380 273 Notes on Contributors Ruth McCausland is a Senior Research Fellow at Jumbunna Indigenous House of Learning, University of Technology Sydney and has a background in human rights and indigenous policy. She is currently undertaking a PhD in international social development approaches to addressing disadvantage and discrimination experienced by Indigenous women. Marc Levy is currently undertaking a PhD in politics at the University of Melbourne, concentrating on obligatory and stipended volunteering and community participation and mutual obligation. He holds an MBA and while studying for it developed an interest in the literature on negotiation, which the authors draw upon in this article. Dr Timothy Phillips is a Fellow in the Centre for Social Research at the Research School of Social Sciences, Australian National University. With Philip Smith (Department of Sociology, Yale University), he has written a series of research articles on the topic of everyday incivility that have appeared to date in The Sociological Review (2003), Journal of Sociology (2004) and Urban Studies (2006 Merrindahl Andrew is a PhD student in the School of Social Sciences, Faculty of Arts, Australian National University, Canberra. She previously worked as a Policy Officer in the ACT Council of Social Service. The views expressed in her paper are those of the author and do not represent the views of any organisation. Dr Glenda Maconachie is a senior lecturer in industrial relations in the School of Management, QUT Brisbane. She is a co-author of ‘Employment Relations in Australia’ (forthcoming) and teaches and researches in occupational health and safety, labour history, and industrial relations. Dr Miles Goodwin is a visiting scholar with the School of Management, QUT Brisbane who has worked for over a decade in Australian industrial relations. His PhD ‘The Great Wage Robbery’, a study of the enforcement of minimum labour standards in Australia was completed in 2003. 275 Notes on Contributors Carolyn Timms has come to Psychology after a long career as a high school teacher. Twenty years of her teaching life were spent at one independent school where she wore several ‘hats’: Leading Teacher; Teacher Librarian; and SOSE (Study of Society and Environment) Coordinator. She studied Psychology, out of interest and part time, by distance education from Monash University. After completing Honours, Carolyn was offered PhD candidature at the School of Psychology, James Cook University, Cairns Campus. The working title of her research is ‘Burnout and Engagement in the Organisational Context’. Dr Deborah Graham is a senior lecturer in the School of Psychology at James Cook University, Cairns Campus. Her interests include psychoneuroimmunology, psychosocial outcomes in individuals faced with loss or illness, burnout, and drug and alcohol research which examines pleasure expectations, negative affect and harm minimisation strategies. Dr Marie Caltabiano is a Senior Lecturer in the School of Psychology on the Cairns campus of James Cook University. Her principal areas of research are health psychology, stress, coping, burnout in professionals, and resilient ageing.. Susan Tregeagle is Senior Manager Program Services, Barnardos Australia and a PhD student at University of Western Sydney, Social Justice Social Change Research Centre. Dr Lesley Treleaven is a Senior Lecturer in the Faculty of Economics and Business at the University of Sydney. 276 Australian Journal of Social Issues Vol.41 No.3 SPRING 2006 Indigenous Policy and Mutual Obligation: Shared or Shifting Responsibility Agreements? Ruth McCausland and Marc Levy Abstract Shared Responsibility Agreements (SRAs) are a key instrument of the Federal Government’s new arrangements for the administration of Indigenous affairs. SRAs, described by the Government as a form of ‘mutual obligation’, require Indigenous communities to commit to behavioural changes or other actions in order to access ‘discretionary’ government funding for infrastructure or services. There are significant political, moral and practical issues raised by SRAs. In this paper we contend that despite the language of mutuality, flexibility and choice that accompanies SRAs, the approach appears more aptly associated with ‘divide and conquer’ tactics and a subtle shifting of responsibility for problems from governments to Indigenous communities themselves. In this paper we explore the concepts of mutual obligation and reciprocity, the structural biases that favour the state and its agencies over Indigenous communities in the SRA negotiation process, and issues of citizenship entitlements and accountability that are raised. Finally, acknowledging that SRAs can be a means for Indigenous communities to access greatly needed funding,