Dewhurst’s Textbook of Obstetrics & Gynaecology This book is dedicated to my wife, Gill, and my children, Alastair, Nicholas and Timothy, and to the memory of Sir Jack Dewhurst. Dewhurst’s Textbook of Obstetrics & Gynaecology EDITED BY D. KEITH EDMONDS FRCOG, RRACOG Consultant Obstetrician and Gynaecologist Queen Charlotte’s & Chelsea Hospital London, UK EIGHTH EDITION A John Wiley & Sons, Ltd., Publication This edition first published 2012 © 2007, 1999, 1995, 1986, 1981, 1976 Blackwell Science; 1972 Blackwell Publishing Ltd; 2012 John Wiley and Sons, Ltd. Wiley-Blackwell is an imprint of John Wiley & Sons, formed by the merger of Wiley’s global Scientific, Technical and Medical business with Blackwell Publishing. 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Gynecology. 2. Obstetrics. I. Dewhurst, John, Sir, 1920– II. Edmonds, D. Keith. III. Title: Dewhurst’s textbook of obstetrics and gynaecology. IV. Title: Textbook of obstetrics & gynaecology. [DNLM: 1. Genital Diseases, Female. 2. Pregnancy Complications. WP 100] RG101.D5573 2011 618–dc22 2011011044 A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library. Wiley also publishes its books in a variety of electronic formats. Some content that appears in print may not be available in electronic books. Set in 9.25 on 12 pt Palatino by Toppan Best-set Premedia Limited 01 2012 Contents Contributors, viii Part 4 Maternal Medicine Professor Sir John Dewhurst, xiii 11 Hypertensive Disorders, 101 Preface to the Eighth Edition, xiv Jason J.S. Waugh and Maria C. Smith Preface to the First Edition, xv 12 Heart Disease in Pregnancy, 111 Catherine Nelson-Piercy 13 Diabetes and Endocrine Disease in Pregnancy, 121 Section 1 Obstetrics Anne Dornhorst and Catherine Williamson Part 1 Basic Science 14 Renal Disease, 137 Sarah Winfield and John M. Davison 1 Maternal Physiology, 5 15 Haematological Problems in Pregnancy, 151 Fiona Broughton Pipkin Peter Clark, Andrew J. Thomson and Ian A. Greer 2 The Placenta and Fetal Membranes, 16 16 Miscellaneous Medical Disorders, 173 Berthold Huppertz and John C.P. Kingdom Andrew McCarthy 3 Normal Fetal Growth, 26 Jason Gardosi Part 5 Fetal Medicine Part 2 Normal Pregnancy 17 Antenatal Screening, 185 Ruwan C. Wimalasundera 4 Pre-conception Counselling, 35 Mandish K. Dhanjal 18 Disorders of Fetal Growth and Assessment of Fetal Well-being, 200 5 Antenatal Care, 42 Gordon C.S. Smith and Christoph C. Lees George Attilakos and Timothy G. Overton 19 Fetal Medical Conditions, 208 Janet Brennand Part 3 Early Pregnancy Problems 20 Fetal Anomalies, 219 Sailesh Kumar 6 Spontaneous Miscarriage, 53 Catriona M. Stalder 21 Multiple Pregnancy, 230 Mark D. Kilby and Dick Oepkes 7 Recurrent Miscarriage, 60 Siobhan Quenby 8 Gestational Trophoblast Tumours, 66 Part 6 Birth Philip Savage and Michael Seckl 9 Ectopic Pregnancy, 76 22 The Normal Mechanisms of Labour, 247 Davor Jurkovic Andrés López Bernal and Errol R. Norwitz 10 Induced Abortion, 88 23 Post-term Pregnancy, 269 Gillian Flett and Allan Templeton Aaron B. Caughey v vi Contents 24 Induction and Augmentation of Labour, 287 Part 10 Menstruation Jane E. Norman 39 The Menstrual Cycle, 487 25 Obstetric Emergencies, 296 William L. Ledger Sara Paterson-Brown 40 Contraception and Sterilization, 495 26 Malpresentation, Malposition, Sharon T. Cameron and Anna Glasier Cephalopelvic Disproportion and Obstetric Procedures, 311 41 Polycystic Ovary Syndrome and Secondary Sabaratnam Arulkumaran Amenorrhoea, 513 Adam Balen 27 Fetal Monitoring During Labour, 326 42 Menstrual Problems: Heavy Menstrual Bleeding and Sara Paterson-Brown Primary Dysmenorrhoea, 534 28 Preterm Labour, 338 Andrew W. Horne and Hilary O.D. Critchley Phillip Bennett 43 Premenstrual Syndrome, 544 29 Analgesia, Anaesthesia and Resuscitation, 356 P.M. Shaughn O’Brien Felicity Plaat 44 Menopause and the Postmenopausal Woman, 553 Nick Panay Part 7 Postnatal Care Part 11 Inability to Conceive 30 Puerperium and Lactation, 365 45 Infertility, 567 D. Keith Edmonds Mark Hamilton 31 Neonatal Care for Obstetricians, 377 46 Assisted Reproduction, 580 Glynn Russell Geoffrey Trew and Stuart Lavery 32 Obstetric Statistics, 394 James J. Walker Part 12 Pelvic Pain 47 Pelvic Infection, 597 Section 2 Gynaecology Jonathan D.C. Ross Part 8 Gynaecology 48 Chronic Pelvic Pain, 607 R. William Stones 33 Clinical Anatomy of the Pelvis and 49 Endometriosis, 615 Reproductive Tract, 413 Stephen Kennedy and Philippe Koninckx Alan Farthing 34 Normal and Abnormal Development of the Part 13 Urogynaecology Genital Tract, 421 D. Keith Edmonds 50 Uterovaginal Prolapse, 627 Anthony R.B. Smith 35 The Role of Ultrasound in Gynaecology, 435 Tom Bourne 51 Urinary Incontinence, 635 Dudley Robinson and Linda Cardozo 36 Hysteroscopy and Laparoscopy, 448 Adam Magos Part 14 Benign Gynaecological Disease Part 9 Childhood and Adolescence 52 Benign Diseases of the Vulva, 695 Fiona M. Lewis and Sallie M. Neill 37 Puberty and Its Disorders, 471 53 Benign Diseases of the Vagina, Cervix D. Keith Edmonds and Ovary, 706 38 Gynaecological Disorders of Childhood and D. Keith Edmonds Adolescence, 480 54 Benign Disease of the Uterus, 715 D. Keith Edmonds Aradhana Khaund and Mary Ann Lumsden Contents vii Part 15 Gynaecological Oncology 61 Ethical Dilemmas in Obstetrics and Gynaecology, 805 55 Malignant Disease of the Vulva and the Vagina, 729 Sheila McLean David M. Luesley 62 The Law and the Obstetrician and 56 Premalignant and Malignant Disease of the Cervix, 747 Gynaecologist, 815 Mahmood I. Shafi Bertie Leigh 57 Epithelial Ovarian Cancer, 760 Index, 823 Hani Gabra and Sarah Blagden Colour plate sections can be found facing pages 432 58 Endometrial Cancer, 776 (Plates 8.1–52.10) and 656 (Plates 52.11–55.7) Sean Kehoe Part 16 Miscellaneous Topics 59 Sexual Dysfunction, 785 Claudine Domoney 60 Domestic Violence and Sexual Assault, 798 Maureen Dalton Contributors Sir Sabaratnam Arulkumaran PhD, FRCS, FRCOG Fiona