Ivory Markets in the USA Esmond Martin and Daniel StUes 5 GALLERY FLOORS ANTIQUES Published by Care for the Wild International Save the Elephants The Granary PO Boa 54667 • 00200 Nairobi, Kenya Tlckfold Farm and KIng.fold c/o Amhroae Appelbe, 7 New Square Weat S........ RH12 3SE Lincoln'. Inn, London WC2A 3HA UK UK 2008 Ivory Markets in the USA:Ivory Markets in the USA 4/16/08 4:28 PM Page 1 Ivory Markets in the USA Esmond Martin and Daniel Stiles Drawings by Andrew Kamiti Published by Care for the Wild International Save the Elephants The Granary PO Box 54667 - 00200, Nairobi, Kenya Tickfold Farm and Kingsfold c/o Ambrose Appelbe, 7 New Square West Sussex RH12 3SE Lincoln’s Inn, London WC2A 3RA UK UK 2008 ISBN 9966 - 9683 - 5 - 0 Ivory Markets in the USA:Ivory Markets in the USA 4/16/08 4:28 PM Page 2 CONTENTS List of Tables 3 Executive summary 5 Introduction 7 Methodology 9 Map of the USA and places visited 10 Legal position of the ivory trade in the USA 11 History 13 Introduction to fieldwork 17 Sources and prices for raw ivory in the USA, 1990-2007 18 Ivory workshops and craftsmen in the USA 21 Retail outlets and prices for worked ivory 24 Eastern USA Boston & Cambridge 24 New York City 29 Washington, D.C. area 37 Palm Beach 41 West Palm Beach 45 Greater Miami 48 Atlanta 51 Chicago 54 Western USA Dallas 58 Houston 63 Greater Phoenix 68 Las Vegas 72 San Francisco Bay Area 76 Greater Los Angeles 81 San Diego 89 Honolulu, Kailua and Kaneohe (Oahu Island, Hawaii) 93 Status of the ivory trade in the USA 98 Trends in the ivory trade in the USA 103 Discussion 105 Conclusions 110 Annex - Vancouver (Canada) 113 References 117 Acknowledgements 120 2 Ivory Markets in the USA:Ivory Markets in the USA 4/16/08 4:28 PM Page 3 LIST OF TABLES Sources and prices for raw ivory in the USA, 1990-2007 1. Average wholesale prices for small ivory tusks in the USA for various years 2. Number of elephant tusks imported into the USA 1995 to June 2007 3. Number of African elephant tusks entering the USA 1990-2005 Boston & Cambridge 4. Types of retail outlets and number of items surveyed in Boston & Cambridge, November 2006 5. Ivory items seen for retail sale in Boston & Cambridge, November 2006 6. Types of ivory items made in countries/regions seen for sale in Boston & Cambridge, November 2006 7. Recently-made (post-1989) ivory items in Boston & Cambridge, November 2006 8. Number of ivory items seen in Cambridge markets, November 2006 9. Retail prices for ivory items seen in Boston & Cambridge, November 2006 New York City 10. Types of retail outlets and number of ivory items surveyed in New York City, October/November 2006 11. Ivory items seen for retail sale in New York City, October/November 2006 12. Types of ivory items made in countries/regions seen for sale in New York City, October/November 2006 13. Recently-made (post-1989) ivory items seen in New York City, October/November 2006 14. Number of retail outlets and ivory items seen in New York City markets, October/November 2006 15. Retail prices for ivory items seen in New York City, October/November 2006 Washington, D.C. area 16. Types of retail outlets and number of ivory items surveyed in the Washington, D.C. area, December 2006 17. Ivory items seen for retail sale in the Washington, D.C. area, December 2006 18. Types of ivory items made in countries/regions seen for sale in the Washington, D.C. area, December 2006 19. Recently-made (post-1989) ivory items seen in the Washington, D.C. area, December 2006 20. Retail prices for ivory items seen in the Washington, D.C. area, December 2006 Palm Beach 21. Types of retail outlets and number of ivory items surveyed in Palm Beach, November 2006 22. Ivory items seen for retail sale in Palm Beach, November 2006 23. Types of ivory items made in countries/regions seen for sale in Palm Beach, November 2006 24. Recently-made (post-1989) ivory items seen in Palm Beach, November 2006 25. Retail prices for ivory items seen in Palm Beach, November 2006 West Palm Beach 26. Types of retail outlets and number of ivory items surveyed in West Palm Beach, November 2006 27. Ivory items seen for retail sale in West Palm Beach, November 2006 28. Types of ivory items made in countries/regions seen for sale in West Palm Beach, November 2006 29. Retail prices for ivory items seen in West Palm Beach, November 2006 Greater Miami 30. Types of retail outlets and number of ivory items surveyed in Greater Miami, November/December 2006 31. Ivory items seen for retail sale in Greater Miami, November/December 2006 32. Types of ivory items made in countries/regions seen for sale in Greater Miami, November/December 2006 33. Retail prices for ivory items seen in Greater Miami, November/December 2006 Atlanta 34. Types of retail outlets and number of ivory items surveyed in Atlanta, November 2006 35. Ivory items seen for retail sale in Atlanta, November 2006 36. Types of items made in countries/regions seen for sale in Atlanta, November 2006 37. Number of ivory items seen in Atlanta markets, November 2006 38. Retail prices for ivory items seen in Atlanta, November 2006 Chicago 39. Types of retail outlets and number of ivory items surveyed in Chicago, November 2006 40. Ivory items seen for retail sale in Chicago, November 2006 41. Types of ivory items made in countries/regions seen for sale in Chicago, November 2006 42. Recently-made (post-1989) ivory items seen in Chicago, November 2006 43. Number of ivory items seen in Chicago markets, November 2006 44. Retail prices for ivory items seen in Chicago, November 2006 3 Ivory Markets in the USA:Ivory Markets in the USA 4/16/08 4:28 PM Page 4 Dallas 45. Types of retail outlets and number of ivory items surveyed in Dallas, April 2006 46. Ivory items seen for retail sale in Dallas, April 2006 47. Number of retail outlets in markets seen with ivory items in Dallas, April 2006 48. Number of ivory items seen in Dallas markets, April 2006 49. Retail prices for ivory items seen in Dallas, April 2006 Houston 50. Types of retail outlets and number of ivory items surveyed in Houston, April 2006 51. Ivory items seen for retail sale in Houston, April 2006 52. Number of retail outlets in markets seen with ivory items in Houston, March 2006 53. Number of ivory items seen in Houston markets, April 2006 54. Retail prices for ivory items seen in Houston, April 2006 Greater Phoenix 55. Types of retail outlets and number of ivory items surveyed in Greater Phoenix, May 2006 56. Ivory items seen for retail sale in Greater Phoenix, May 2006 57. Number of retail outlets in markets seen with ivory items in Greater Phoenix, May 2006 58. Number of ivory items seen in Greater Phoenix markets, May 2006 59. Retail prices for ivory items seen in Greater Phoenix, May 2006 Las Vegas 60. Types of retail outlets and number of ivory items surveyed in Las Vegas, April 2006 61. Ivory items seen for retail sale in Las Vegas, April 2006 62. Number of retail outlets in markets seen with ivory items in Las Vegas, April 2006 63. Number of ivory items seen in Las Vegas markets, April 2006 64. Retail prices for ivory items seen in Las Vegas, April 2006 San Francisco Bay Area 65. Types of retail outlets and number of ivory items surveyed in San Francisco Bay Area, May 2006 66. Ivory items seen for retail sale in San Francisco Bay Area, May 2006 67. Retail prices for ivory items seen in San Francisco Bay Area, May 2006 Greater Los Angeles 68. Types of retail outlets and number of ivory items surveyed in Greater Los Angeles, March-May 2006 and March-May 2007 69. Ivory items seen for retail sale in Greater Los Angeles, March-May 2006 and March-May 2007 70. Number of retail outlets in markets seen with ivory items in Greater Los Angeles, March-May 2006 and March-May 2007 71. Number of ivory items seen in Greater Los Angeles markets, March-May 2006 and March-May 2007 72. Retail prices for ivory items seen in Greater Los Angeles, March-May 2006 and March-May 2007 San Diego 73. Types of retail outlets and number of ivory items surveyed in San Diego, March 2006 and March 2007 74. Ivory items seen for retail sale in San Diego, March 2006 and March 2007 75. Number of retail outlets in markets seen with ivory items in San Diego, March 2006 and March 2007 76. Number of ivory items seen in San Diego markets, March 2006 and March 2007 77. Retail prices for ivory items seen in San Diego, March 2006 and March 2007 Honolulu, Kailua and Kaneohe (Oahu Island, Hawaii) 78. Types of retail outlets and number of ivory items surveyed in Honolulu, March 2006 79. Ivory items seen for retail sale in Honolulu, March 2006 80. Number of retail outlets in markets seen with ivory items in Honolulu, March 2006 81. Number of ivory items seen in Honolulu markets, March 2006 82. Retail prices for ivory items seen in Honolulu, March 2006 Status and trends in the USA ivory trade, Discussions and Conclusions 83. Prices of tusks, tusk sections and semi-worked raw ivory sold on the Internet in the USA, 2006/2007 84.