Print ISSNISSN 1656-83622244-1263 Online ISSN 2345-85692244-6540 ROOT GATHERERS The Official Journal of Pharmacy / Chemistry Research University of the Immaculate Conception Volume 3 March 2012 Cover created by: created Cover James M. De Leon Gerrick ROOT GATHERERS The Official Journal of Pharmacy / Chemistry Research University of the Immaculate Conception Volume 3 • March 2012 Root Gatherers UIC PHARMACY/CHEMISTRY RESEARCH JOURNAL The Official Journal of Pharmacy / Chemistry Research University of the Immaculate Conception Volume 3 • March 2012 EDITORIAL BOARD About the Title Editor in Chief Judee N. Nogodula Root Gatherers is an annual research publication of the Pharmacy/Chemistry Program of the University of the Immaculate Conception. The “Root Gatherers” depicts the primary interest of the Pharmacy/Chemistry in drug discovery and development undertakings utilizing plants. Associate Editor Kathleen G. Bersabal This journal expresses the scholarly endeavors of the Pharmacy & Chemistry faculty and students. Managing Editors Renan P. Limjuco About the Cover Emma V. Sagarino The cover shows the roots of the plants in the hands of the pharmacists and chemists as these are utilized as possible sources of drugs for man’s health and wellness. The panoramic view of hand below depicts the people who are sick and in quest for plant’s cure for their ailment. Editorial Assistants Staff Editor in Chief Neil John M. Galagar Francis Kenneth D. Canono Students TITLE Copyright © 2012 by the individual authors and the University of the Immaculate Conception. All rights reserved. Gerrick C. De Leon Jose Marlo B. Mañosa Printed in the Philippines. Reproduction without permission from the publisher is strictly prohibited Published by: University of the Immaculate Conception Editorial Consultants Bonifacio Street, Davao City 8000 Philippines Dr. Ma. Eva C. San Juan Telefax: (+6382) 227-3794 Website: http://www.uic.edu.ph Dr. Adorico M. Aya-ay Print ISSN 1656-8362 Online ISSN 2345-8569 inflammatory effect of the formulated tablet in albino rats (Canete, PREFACE et al.). On the other hand, trompang elepante (Heliotropium indicum Linn) was formulated into syrup in order to assess its antitussive effect in citric acid cough-induced guinea pigs. This scholarly work was done T is with great pleasure and honor to present the Volume 3 of by Obra et al. One study dealt with pharmacognosy, and microbiology, Root Gatherers, the Official Journal of Pharmacy/Chemistry the kalamansi (Citrofortunella microcarpa) fruit extract was evaluated IResearch. This issue contains the research studies of the Bachelor on the phytochemicals, its antibacterial and mutagenic properties of Science in Pharmacy and Bachelor of Science in Chemistry faculty (Langreo, et al.) and students. This installment encompasses the different fields of pharmacy such as pharmacognosy, pharmacology, pharmacokinetics, Other studies focused on the quality control such as the physical pharmacoeconomics, quality control, toxicology, and microbiology. stability of commercially available lagundi (Vitex negundo) syrup at Likewise, this journal showcases a lot of environmental chemistry issues varied storage temperatures (Aquino, et al.). Likewise, a comparative around us. study on the percentage content of synthetic and herbal supplements of Vitamin C available in Davao City (Alinsasaguin et al.) was also Several studies dealt with the phytochemical screening of different discussed. The physical properties of formulated semisolid dosage plants. One of them was the screening of flavonoid from ripe jackfruit form (ointment, gel and cream) were evaluated by the use of Hauli (Artocarpus heterophyllus) fruit extract and evaluation of the syrup (Ficus septica) leaf extract (Egar, et al.) The cost-effective analysis of formulation. This study was done by Ceniza, et al. On the other hand, the extracted mucilaginous substance of okra (Hibiscus esculentus) and cabbage (Brassica oleracea) and kangkong (Ipomoea aquatica) were corn starch as tablet binders was also explained by Pascua, et al. evaluated on the antioxidant level by Dequito, et al. Few studies represented the environmental chemistry and toxicology such as the With this issue, we would like to express our gratitude to the work of Roces, et al. on the determination of mercury level in three Research and Publication Center headed by Dr. Renan P. Limjuco who selected canned tuna in the Philippines. Likewise, the nitrate contents patiently supervised and mentored and inspired the Root Gatherers have been evaluated from the three tuna products of selected branded Editorial Board. It is our hope that this collection of articles may serve and homemade producers in General Santos City (Gualvez, et al.) and as valuable reference materials for the readers and especially, future pesticide residue of the isolated and formulated ascorbic acid (Vitamin researchers of the University of the Immaculate Conception. C) from overripe mango (Mangifera indica) by Flores, et al. Rafael, et al., studied the Green Caviar (Caulerpa lentillifera J. Agardh). The formulated tablet was evaluated on the cholesterol JUDEE N. NOGODULA lowering activity using the hypercholesterolemia-induced rabbits. Editor in Chief Likewise, dalanghita (Citrus nobilis) was evaluated on the anti- Root Gatherers Determination of Mercury Level in Three CONTENTS Selected Canned Tuna in the Philippines 70 Adorico M. Aya-ay, Ritzmer Jay C. Roces, Patrizzia Marie R. Cebrero, Karrah M. Go Cost-Effective Analysis of the Extracted Mucilagenous Substance of Okra Cholesterol Lowering Activity of Formulated (Hibiscus esculentus) and Corn Green Caviar (Caulerpa Lentillifera J. Agardh., Starch as Tablet Binders 1 Caulerpaceae) Seaweed Extract Tablet Cherie D. Gasendo, Julmarie Claire C. Pascua, in Hypercholesterolemia-Induced Rabbits 82 Clair J. Supangan, Rhea A. Cañal Ma. Corazon S. Loquellano, Dune Vienis Karen N. Rafael, Melanie Bat-ao, Lovely Edchelle Bermudez, Danmarie Inting Physical Stability of Commercially Available Lagundi (Vitex negundo) Determination of the Nitrite Contents Syrup at Varied Storage Temperatures 27 as a Food Preservative in Three Tuna Florie C. Casalan, Beberlie D. Aquino, Products from the Selected Branded and Jocelyn R. Cotiangco, Windel Jane T. Demavivas Homemade Producers in General Santos City 100 Venchie C. Badong, Lloyd Jason H. Gualvez, Phytochemical, Antibacterial and Judy S. Manliguis Mutagenic Analyses of Commercially Available Kalamansi (Citrofortunella Pesticide Residue Analysis of the Isolated microcarpa) Fruit Extract 35 and Formulated Ascorbic Acid (Vitamin C) Judee N. Nogodula, Nathalie Grace C. Langreo, from Overripe Mango (Mangifera Cleo P. Palaca, Karen Mae B. Padernal indica, Linn. Anacardiceae) 110 Annabelle A. Ribo, Mariz Kay M. Flores, Anti-inflammatory Effect of the Formulated Maribelle C. Hao, Camille F. Selgas Tablet of Dalangita (Citrus nobilis) Peel Extract in Albino rats 46 Flavonoid Screening and Evaluation of Ma. Corazon S. Loquellano, Rochell V. Canete, Formulated Syrup of Ripe Jackfruit Hazel M. Gargoles, Janson Jesson B. Palarisan, (Artocarpus heterophyllus) Fruit Extract 122 Joyce A. Pelaez May Florence D. Bacayo, Sydney Paole Anne G. Ceniza, Sheana Marie M. Montaño, Rose Anne V. Ubalde, Phytochemical Screening and Determination of the Antioxidant Levels of Cabbage A Comparative Study on the Percentage (Brassica Oleracea) and Kangkong Content of Synthetic And Herbal Supplements (Ipomoea Aquatica) Leaf Extracts 60 of Vitamin C Available in Davao City 137 Annabelle C. Ribo, Angelica Mae L. Dequito, Donnah D. Nahial, Chresyl C. Alinsasaguin, Lewey Joy G. Lunio, Kay Maieze B. Mato Jenny R. Edulan, Arie Mae E. Radaza, Liza A. Tomimbang PHARMACY/CHEMISTRY Physical Properties of Formulated Semisolid Dosage Forms (Ointment, Gel And Cream) of COST-EFFECTIVE ANALYSIS OF THE EXTRACTED Hauli (Ficus septica, Moraceae) Leaf Crude Extract 151 MUCILAGENOUS SUBSTANCE OF OKRA Florie C. Casalan, Romma Ninnah O. Egar, (Hibiscus esculentus) AND CORN Joseph Pet F. Lusay, Ma. Lady Dianne A. Paccial, STARCH AS TABLET BINDERS Michelle A. Peñafiel Cherie D. Gasendo, Julmarie Claire C. Pascua, Clair J. Supangan, Rhea A. Cañal The Antitussive Effect of Formulated Syrup from Trompang Elepante (Heliotropium Indicum Linn.) Leaf Extract in Citric Acid ABSTRACT Cough-induced Guinea Pigs 177 Donnah D. Nahial, Rocel Joy C. Obra, Cost-effective pharmaceutical excipients are always desirable and Jennifer Gwen L. Santiago, Emily R. Vasquez economical because they are coming from the natural resources. Thus, this study aimed to isolate mucilage from okra (Hibiscus esculentus) fruits and to explore its utility as a pharmaceutical excipient such as binding agent. Acetaminophen tablets containing cornstarch as a binding agent was used as standard for comparison with the Acetaminophen tablets containing okra mucilage. On the other hand, okra mucilage and cornstarch were compared as individual binders in Paracetamol tablet formulations. Formulated tablets were prepared following the Paracetamol tablet of USP-NF (1995) protocol. Results revealed no significant difference between the okra mucilage and cornstarch in post-compression analysis of the formulated tablet in terms of the weight variation test, hardness, thickness and friability test. Meanwhile, disintegration time was less than 10 minutes. These test results conformed to the specification and standard of USP/NF. However, moisture content test of both formulated tablets failed to conform to the 10% specification of USP/NF since