Enhancing South-South and Triangular Cooperation Triangular and South-South Enhancing ENHANCING SOUTH!SOUTH AND TRIANGULAR COOPERATION Study of the Current Situation and Existing Good Practices in Policy, Institutions, and Operation of South-South and Triangular Cooperation Study commissioned by the Special Unit for South-South Cooperation, UNDP Special Unit for South-South Cooperation, UNDP 304 East 45th Street, FF-12th Floor New York, NY 10017 USA E-mail: [email protected] Website : http://ssc.undp.org Special Unit for South-South Cooperation, United Nations Development Programme ENHANCING SOUTH!SOUTH AND TRIANGULAR COOPERATION Study of the Current Situation and Existing Good Practices in Policy, Institutions, and Operation of South-South and Triangular Cooperation Study commissioned by the Special Unit for South-South Cooperation, UNDP Copyright © United Nations Development Programme 2009 All rights reserved ISBN: 978-0-9816619-3-3 Special Unit for South-South Cooperation, United Nations Development Programme 304 East 45th Street, FF-12th Floor New York, NY 10017 USA E-mail: [email protected] Website: http://ssc.undp.org The views expressed in this publication do not necessarily re"ect those of the United Nations, the United Nations Development Programme or governments. The designations employed do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever concerning the legal status of any country, territory or area, or its frontiers or boundaries. Cover photo: Third-Country expert and project sta! from Ghana making a manual weeder/JICA Editor: Karen Holmes Graphic Design: Rodrigo Domingues Contents Foreword 5 Acknowledgements 7 Acronyms and Abbreviations 9 Executive Summary 11 1. Introduction 1.1. Background and Purpose 23 1.2. Scope and Methodology 24 2. Policy and Institutional Framework 2.1. Current Situation 27 2.2. Good Practice Cases 33 3. Comparative Advantages 3.1. Current Situation 45 3.2. Good Practice Cases 50 4. Demand-Driven Approach 4.1. Current Situation 69 4.2. Good Practice Cases 76 5. Sustainability 5.1. Current Situation 93 5.2. Good Practice Cases 98 6. Achievement of Results 6.1. Current Situation 109 6.2. Good Practice Cases 115 7. Triangular Cooperation 7.1. Current Situation 141 7.2. Good Practice Cases 157 8. Conclusions 8.1. Role of South-South Cooperation in Development 177 8.2. Current Practices and Challenges 178 8.3. The Way Ahead 188 Annexes Annex 1. Workshop agenda 191 Annex 2. List of workshop participants 193 Annex 3. List of cooperating organizations for the survey 199 Annex 4. List of cases 201 FOREWORD In the current global economic crisis, some emerging countries are seeking opportuni- ties to play a more active role and explore new avenues for fostering development coop- eration. South-South cooperation has a greater role to play than ever before, especially in mitigating impacts on the most vulnerable communities in developing countries. In order to better serve our bene#ciaries in developing countries, the Special Unit for South-South Cooperation in UNDP, in close collaboration with the Japan Interna- tional Cooperation Agency, organized a workshop on South-South and triangular co- operation at the UN Headquarters in New York on December 18, 2008. The workshop brought together over 100 practitioners of South-South and triangular cooperation to discuss ways to improve e!ectiveness of South-South cooperation. A wide range of organizations—including national governments, bilateral, and multilateral donors, UN organizations, international #nancial institutions (IFIs), and the private sector—was represented at the workshop. This report is based on the workshop, as well as data and practical solutions to devel- opment challenges through South-South and triangular cooperation approaches col- lected with the support of our partners from national governments and multilateral organizations. I would like to take this opportunity to thank our colleagues from UNDP Country O$ces in Argentina, Brazil, Cambodia, China, Colombia, Egypt, India, Malaysia, Mexico, Niger, Peru, South Africa, Thailand, Tunisia, Turkey, and Zambia for their support in recruiting local consultants to carry out #eld studies, and the Study Team Leader, Ms. Satoko Miwa, for her dedication and tireless e!orts in compiling and synthesizing the report. My heartfelt thanks also go to the governments of Argentina, Canada, China, Co- lombia, Egypt, El Salvador, Germany, Indonesia, Japan, Kenya, Malaysia, Mexico, Niger, Peru, Republic of Korea, Spain, Thailand, Tunisia, and Turkey, and to UNIDO, UNESCO, and UNICEF, for their invaluable support in providing data and sharing good practices. Last but not least, I would like to extend my sincere appreciation to the Government of Japan for its #nancial support of the workshop and report. Without the generous contribution of Government of Japan, this report would not have been possible. In partnership with Northern countries to support South-South cooperation through a triangular approach, we can further promote South-South cooperation and achieve sustainable economic and social development. I hope that this report will serve as a tool to learn about the current situation in South- South and triangular cooperation and Southern solutions that can be replicated to tackle the daunting challenges faced by developing countries. Yiping Zhou Director Special Unit for South-South Cooperation United Nations Development Programme 5 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS This study was conducted as a follow-up to a UNDP Workshop entitled ‘Increasing Ef- fectiveness of South-South Cooperation for Development: A Workshop for Practitioners of South-South and Triangular Cooperation’, which was held in December 2008 in New York, as one of the events to celebrate the #fth UN Day for South-South Cooperation. The study is intended to respond to one of the major issues raised in various recent in- ternational discussions on South-South and triangular cooperation: the need for more knowledge-sharing on existing practices, especially including good practices. For this purpose, an extensive survey of current practices in South-South and triangular cooperation was made with the cooperation of many organizations in developing coun- tries as well as donor and international organizations; the case studies were conducted in 16 countries, including both pivotal and bene#ciary countries. We would like to ex- press our gratitude to all those who have cooperated in the survey and the case studies by sharing their experience and knowledge and providing precious views. In particu- lar, thanks go to: Julia Levi, Alessandra Viggiano (Argentina), Catherine Jobin, Rohinton Medhora, Bruce Currie-Alder (Canada), Zhao Yongli, Li Kunxian (China); Enrique Maruri, Jorge Enrique Prieto Cardozo (Colombia), Hani Basyouni, Nevine Saad Eldin Ashmawy (Egypt), Alberto Morales, Mabel de Soundy (El Salvador), Ulrich Wehnert (Germany), Suprapto, Mukhammad Fahrurozi (Indonesia), Asuka Nanri, Kae Yanagisawa, Takahiro Morita (Japan), Karega Mutahi, (Kenya); Norani Ibrahim (Malaysia) ; Máximo Romero Jiménez, Neydi Cruz García (Mexico); Sahadi Abdou, Adamou Amadou (Niger); Carlos Pando Sánchez, Roberto A. Acosta, Miguel A. Petruccelli (Peru); Ho Jin Seo (South Korea); Bemabé Aguilar, Christian Freres (Spain); Banchong Amornchewin (Thailand); Amor Ji- lani (Tunisia); Kamil Ayanoğlu, Sebahattin Gazanfer (Turkey); Fatou Haïdara (UNIDO); Oriol Freixa Matalonga, K. R. Sreenivasan, Miguel Clü (UNESCO); Xiaoyu Chen (UNICEF). This study would not have been possible without the tireless work of the following study team members, who have conducted the #eld study in respective case countries and contributed to the study as case study authors: Argentina Liliana Seiras Brazil Carolina Larriera Cambodia Marc Pollack China Ma, Huiyun Colombia Daniel Alfredo Montañes Madero Egypt Taissir Mohammed Hanafy Hosam El-din India Joginder. S. Juneja Malaysia Pao Li Lim Mexico Luz María de la Mora Sánchez Niger Mapesa L. Khalikane Peru Roddy Rivas-Llosa M. South Africa David B. Coplan Thailand Walaitat Worakul Tunisia Mouna Aouri Turkey Sebahattin Gazanfer Zambia Kojo Asiedu 7 The leadership by Yiping Zhou, Director of the Special Unit for South-South Coopera- tion (SU/SSC), UNDP, was essential for this study. We would like to thank deeply Mami Yamada, Chief, Partnership and Resource Mobilization Division, SU/SSC and Hanayo Ch- eung, SU/SSC, for their guidance and continuous support throughout the study process. With much gratitude for all the support received, as the authors, the study team remains responsible for all the views that expressed in this study, which do not re"ect any o$cial stance on the part of UNDP. It is our hope that the study will contribute to knowledge-sharing and constructive discussions among various actors towards the improvement and further promotion of South-South and triangular cooperation. Satoko Miwa Study Team Leader 8 ACRONYMS AND ABBREVIATIONS ABC Brazilian Agency for Cooperation ACMECS Ayeyawady-Chao Phraya-Mekong Economic Cooperation Strategy AECID Spanish International Cooperation Agency for Development APCI Peru International Cooperation Agency ATCT Tunisian Agency for Technical Cooperation AU African Union BMZ Federal Ministry of Economic Cooperation and Development CABC China Africa Business Council CADF China Africa Development Fund CRDB/CDC Cambodia Rehabilitation and Development Board / the Council for the Development of Cambodia CIDA Canadian International Development Agency CICETE China International Centre for Economic and Technical Exchange CLMV