This document is downloaded from DR‑NTU (https://dr.ntu.edu.sg) Nanyang Technological University, Singapore. The Klang River environmental problems : an overview Maketab Mohamed 1987 Mohamed, M. (1987). The Klang River environmental problems : an overview. In AMIC‑CDG‑COMCON‑UKM Workshop on Mass Media and the Protection of the Environment : Kuala Lumpur, Sep 28‑Oct 10, 1987. Singapore: Asian Mass Communication Research and Information Centre. https://hdl.handle.net/10356/101052 Downloaded on 05 Oct 2021 03:53:22 SGT ATTENTION: The Singapore Copyright Act applies to the use of this document. Nanyang Technological University Library The Klang River Environmental Problems : An Overview By Maketab Mphamed I Paper No.ll ^ J THE KLANG RIVER ENVIRONMENTAL PROBLEMS : AN OVERVIEW ATTENTION: The Singapore Copyright Act applies to the use of this document. Nanyang Technological University Library by MAKETAB MOHAMED DEPARTMENT o-f ENVIRONMENT MALAYSIA '; 25 September 1987 i GLOSSARY ftmmdniacal Nitrogen (AN) - an indicator of organic pollution •from human and animal wastes. Biochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD) - dissolved oxygen needed by microorganisms to break down organic waste matter in water. Biodegradable - capable of being broken down by bacteria into basic elements and compounds. Most org a nic waste a n d p a per :. s b i od egr ad ab 1 e ATTENTION: The Singapore Copyright Act applies to the use of this document. Nanyang Technological University Library Degradable pollutant - water or soil pollutant (such as organic wastes) that can be naturally broken by natural mi croorgani sms Detergent - synthetic, organic, liquid, or water soluble cleansing agent that has wetting-agent and emulsifying-agent properties. Unlike soap, detergents 3.r& not manufactured -from ?•• fats and oi1s. Dissolved Oxygen (DO) -- extent to which oxygen occurs dissolved in water or wastewater. It is usually expressed as concentration,in parts per million, or percent of saturation. Ecology - study of relationships of living organisms with e"ach other and with their environment, study of structure and function of nature. 1ossary2 - i - Effluent - any solid, liquid or gas that enters the environment from a point source but usually restricted to liquid. Generally refers to wastewater from the sewage treatment or i ndustrial p1 ant. Environment - aggregate of external conditions that influence the life of individual organism or population. Eutrophication - condition of high nutrient enrichment in an equatic ecosystem, supporting a larger amount of aquatic ATTENTION: The Singapore Copyright Act applies to the use of this document. Nanyang Technological University Library life, which depletes the oxygen supply. Hardness - condition of water, caused by dissolved calcium, magnesium and irons such as bicarbonates, carbonates, sulphate, chloride and nitrates. Heavy Metals - group of-metal 1 i-c elements with relatively high atomic weights. They include mercury, iron, cobalt, cadmium, lead, nickel and a number of others. Lagoon - in sewage treatment, pond in which sunlight, algae and oxygen interact to restore water to a quality equal to effluent from a secondary treatment plant. Methylene Blue Active Subtances (MBAS) - invariably refers to synthetic detergents Nitrate (N03—) - negatively charged chemical group consisting of one and three oxygen atoms. A major component of some chemical fertilizers. pH - numeric value that indicates the relative acidity or alkalinity o-f a substance on a 0 to 14 scale with neutral point at 7.0. Values lower than 7.0 indicate the presence of acids and greater than 7.0 the presence o-f alkalis Primary treatment o-f sewage - treatment in which large solids- like old shoes and plastics &re screened out and sewage is allowed to settle in a large tank for a -few minutes. ATTENTION: The Singapore Copyright Act applies to the use of this document. Nanyang Technological University Library Runo-f-f - lateral movement o-f nutrients tend soil to surface waters. Sanitary Landfill - dumping process whereby garbage or other refuse is covered with soil, thus controlling smells, rodent activity etc. and speeding the decay of organic subtances. Secondary Treatment - secondary step in most waste treatment systems in which bacteria consume the organic parts of the wastes. Septic Tank - underground tank that receives waste water directly from the house. The bacteria in the sewage decompose the organic wastes and the sludge settles to the bottom of the tank. The effluent flows out of the tank into drains or per col ati on -field. 4 V •ssary] Turbidity - in water quality, the e;-.; property that causes ligh +• +• r; h scat tersd arid absorbed (expressed in turbidity units)-The aitv i wai caused by suspended matter, such r-1 divideATTdE NTIONorgani: The Singapco re Copanyrighdt Act inorganiapplies to the usce of thmis 3tt=docum!e nt. Nanyang Technmicroscological Univeor sity Library organ i sms- Watershed - land area, from which water drains toward a common i water course in a natural basin. .Lii LJ ':.: ^ C-. ATTENTION: The Singapore Copyright Act applies to the use of this document. Nanyang Technological University Library ATTENTION: The Singapore Copyright Act applies to the use of this document. Nanyang Technological University Library L Y Y N T I T N D 6 VALLE 198 VALLE G AN L G N PROJEC 5 IMPROVEMEN kLAN ENVIRONMENTA 198 KLAN POPULATIO RURA URBA ATTENTION: The Singapore Copyright Act applies to the use of this document. Nanyang Technological University Library ••"> ATTENTION: The Singapore Copyright Act applies to the use of this document. Nanyang Technological University Library DISTANCE FROM KLAN6 GATES DAM (KM) KLANG VALLEY FIGURE ;4 BOD AND DO VARIATION ALONG KLANG ENVIRONMENTAL IMPROVEMENT RIVER FOR LOW FLOW CONDITIONS, 1981 -1984 PROJECT 5 : E ATTENTION: The Singapore Copyright Act applies to the use of this document. Nanyang Technological University Library FIGUR S G ALON N CONDITION W FLO VARIATIO E W LO R NITRAT D FO R AN 4 A RIVE G -198 1 KLAN AMMONI 198 L Y T T VALLE G PROJEC KLAN IMPROVEMEN ENVIRONMENTA -p — m x PHOSPHATE (mg/l) •% 2 z r- O T) < > • 3 ^-Ji z ? m o 0 Q 0/S o KLANG GATES 3117628 < ATTEN0ATIMO N: The Singapore Copyright Act applies to the use of this document. Nanyang Technological University Library > r* m 2 •r~ m SO. (— -< 60M8AK CONFLUENCE KL! o SO. # o 00 o KERAVONG - > o CONFLUENCE ' 2! 1 > 5 G so. M z o PENCALA o a CONFLUENCE —i < "0 > (P.J) •z. X o PUCH0NG m m DROP *- ^3 o O CO •n Tl XI O "0 o 73 X 2 > (— —1 O m > £ < z > O SG. -n 70 OAMANSARA m r— u> C0NFLU- g o > EMCE ^j o £ > O SHAH o z AUH o 2 O « z > 56. o r~ RASAU —4 O CONFLUENCE z o o z KLANO to TOWN ID O •\ o O c O D F?3 O <=> DO o m 3« COO (mg/l) en E FIGUR ' , ATTENTION: The Singapore Copyright Act applies to the use of this document. Nanyang Technological University Library ALONG N CONDITIONS W VARIATIO S FLO W LO R SOLID D FO R 4 RIVE DISSOLVE 198 G L - 1 198 TOTA KLAN L Y T T VALLE G PROJEC IMPROVEMEN KLAN ENVIRONMENTA 5.000 5.000 ATTENTION: The Singapore Copyright Act applies to the use of this document. Nanyang Technological University Library 01STANCE FROM KLANG GATES DAM (KM| FIGURE : & KLANG VALLEY SUSPENDED SOLIDS AND TURBIDITY VARIATION ENVIRONMENTAL ALONG KLANG RIVER FOR LOW FLOW IMPROVEMENT PROJECT. CONDITIONS, 1981.-198/.. -v ~ m 7s 2 TO *• *~ CHLORIDE(mg/l) i— zn *- ATTENTION: The Singapore Copyright Act applies to the use of this document. Nanyang Technological University Library mO o ° D/S o Kl A NO 6A1ES 2 ^ > 0AM m 5 r- 2; 2 r- SO. 00M8AK CONFLUENCE KL t o so * S 5 * ° —>i KERAV0NG oo > 2 CONFLUENCE i o — o SO. PENCALA O oo 70 a CONFLUENCE m O * < IP Jl PUCH0N0 m DROP ^3 -n a o i CI x) > > i- s= ° I o> SO. < m OAMANSARA r"-n W^) CONFLU- 2 ENCE ° S < < > SHAH ALAM o 2 SO. RASAU CONFLUENCE a o •CI ANG - z I0WN o •;• O o o c o o * o o a m o O D -. LD HARDNESS Img/ll 0 1 : E ATTENTION: The Singapore Copyright Act applies to the use of this document. Nanyang Technological University Library FIGUR , 2 G ALON N CONDITIONS W FLO W VARIATIO E LO R FO R SULFAT j& D V RIVE AN G 198 S - 1 KLAN MBA 198 L Y . T VALLE G PROJEC IMPROVEMENT KLAN ENVIRONMENTA 0.040 0 400 0 010 C 100 ATTENTION: The Singapore Copyright Act applies to the use of this document. Nanyang Technological University Library o.oos 0 050 E 2: >- LU £r or o or < 0.001 0 010 o.ooos 0 0C5 0.0001 0 001 100 a DISTANCE FROM KLANG GATES DAM (KM) FIGURE: 11 KLANG VALLEY ARSENIC AND MERCURY VARIATION ALONG ENVIRONMENTAL KLANG RIVER FOR LOW FLOW CONDITIONS, IMPROVEMENT 1981 - 198/. PROJECT TABLE : 1 SOLID WASTE BOD LOADS FOR KLANG VALLEY. 1985 District Population *• BOD, Kg/day Federal Territory. 1.207.000 1.175 Petaling • 454.000 442 Klang 324.000 315 Goinbak 240.000 234 Ulu Langat 240.000 234 ATTENTION: The Singapore Copyright Act applies to the use of this document. Nanyang Technological University Library Klang Valley 2.,-465. 000 2.400 Note: Assumed 1 ton of putrescibles generates @ 80 kg of BOD. Therefore 30 tons of putrescibles generates 2.400 kg of BOD. TABLE: .2 MAJOR POLLUTING INDUSTRIES IN KLANG VALLEY : CATEGORY Industry ! FLOW : LOAD (Kg/Day) : REF NO : (cu m/day : BOD : ss : AN : ; Breweries. 2 : 2315 : 6250 I 4630 I 14 : 6 . ! 70 : 57 : 5 : — ; 3 : 32 : 3 35 : - ! : Soft Drink l : 21 : 21 : 36 _ ' : Industries 8 : • 341 : 708 : 271 - : ATTENTION: The Singapore 2Co5p yright Act ap:pli es to th43e us7e of this d.oc um:e n25t.