Nb- -ay) - «4 EIS Prv„ FISHPRIES RESEARCH BOARD OF CANADA /1/24 , 1 . Translation Series No. 726 c r CliN,104 .', The distribution.of Cottus laoonicus Okada (Cottidae) and of Tukugobius flumineus 1:Azuno (Gobiidae), with - special reference to peculiarities related to both the land-locking and their Speciation • from amphidromous ancestors By Nobuhiko,,f•izuno - • . From: Osaka Gakugei University (Pf-e- S>, pp. l29-161,,,,.19ô5, Translated by: Kenji Makin°, 7 7-7- - BUreau -for Translations Foreign-Languages- Division, - . Department of the Secretary of State Of Canada Fisheries Research Board of - Canada Biological -Station, - Nanaimoi- B. - .C. ----- • I ' . r fgt.; 44. sPEPARTMENT OF THE SECRETARY OF STATE r SECRÉTARIAT D'ÉTAT BUREAU FOR TRANSLATIONS BUREAU DES TRADUCTIONS FOiZE-IGN LANGUAGES ; DIVISION DE-S LANGUES DIVISION CANADA ÉT.'2AN&.-"!`2'ES TRANSLATED rRom TRADUCTION DE IN •ro - Japp nos ri sh SUI3JECT - SUJET Fish (lard-lock irg. and spooi.?,t:ion) AUTHOR - AUTEUR Yobuhiko Mizuno TITLE IN ENGLISH - TITRE ANGLAIS • I) The ..bl istri.buti on of Cottus Jp..nonicus 'Tuk-up,-obitims 1 71unineu s 7',.eference to thirdr /FrE- tr[1. -1,' ri-ties in both LI itand-Locking ar.d Seciatien erorn. YITLEIN roREIGN LANGUAGE - TITRE EN LANGUE ETRANGEklE d . ,. • ``. • „ ■ “.17 \% 7 11 ( C 1 (-2 .7.2l > - / ) a./ 17.1" . ... (0 • tt , 1.7 1 • • RErERENCE - ReFdRENCE (NAmE OF Book: OR PUBLICATION - NOM DU LIVRE OU PuBLIcATtoN) Osakaukbge71 University Per -l.ndfical . PUBLISHER - dDITEUR OsakaE;akuFèi University Press à CITY - VILLE DATE PAGES Osaka, Jan. n . 1963- 129-161 • Derartrent Of Fisb.c.rrIps , Iknc ino . 3[297 • - REQUEST RECEIVED FRoM OUP. NUER T)-1-0 1-)1, REQUIS PAR * No -CRIZ DOR • • Ken f, a no - DEPARTMENT TRANSLATOR • - MINISTRE TRADUCTEUR • - . - . - ')7 YOUR NUMBER DATE' CoMPLEV-:D - ( VOTRE DosSIER NO REMPLIE LE DATE RECEIVED • Jart2r3r,1966. REÇU LE - • . 80r-200-10- 47- ;1 (129) - The Distribution of Cottus Janonicus and TukuJ...-obious Flur_lineus with Specinl Reference to t:12eir Pnculinrities in both Land-Docking and Sneciation - from Arnhidromous Ancestors Nobuhiko MIZUNO Biological Laboratory • Osaka Gakugei University 10. Foreword The migration of fish, es vieil as that of birds, has been known as a peculiar phenomenon and has attracted the attention frP of scientist for a long time* Various classifications of these fish have been uu ,7gested (Myers, 1949). It is well known that some migratory fish cone to inhabit fresh-water regions permanently. This -phenomenon is Called land-locking. In my reportson the Tukugobious filleineus and the large-egg type Cottus japonicus of 1960 and 1961, I suggested that they were the fish which were land-locked and speciated fron the migratory Rhinogobius brunneus + (or i!elated-species) and the small-egg type CottUs japonicus (Lama°, 1960; Mizuno Tanba, 1961). In the following chapter, i would like to study the relationship. between the migration and land-locking of such fish mainly in our country and present the peculiar aspect of the land-locking. of the above-mentioned Tukugobious flumineus and the large-egg type Cottus . japonicus._ Further- more, I would like to investigate their way of spe(eiation in reference to their geographical distribution. RO similis Gill was formerly'used as the name of this species until ft was corrected by Tagaki (1962) and R. brunneus (Temminàk & Schlegel) . waà cdoptd. - ,- .• 2 I waeJ given a great deal of help by many people with the investigaticn and arrangement of the data. Professor D. Miyagi of Kyoto University and Professor H. Sugino of Osaka Gakugei University encouraged me and cornented on my study. Dr. Niwa of the Gifu prefecture and Dr. Kawanabe and i his group of Kyoto. University also gave me a great deal of 'assistance. Professor K. Dotsu of Nagasaki University, Profess- or I. Toyama of Tokyo University, and Professor K. Matsubara of Kyoto University gave me many specimens with helpful comment. Professor M. Tsuda of the Nara Womens University, Dr. H. Shiraish of the Fresh-water Products Laboratory, the Saito Requital Museum of Sendai-city, Dr. S. Kimura of Urama-city, Messrs. M. Urata 9 K. lirai of Osaka Gakugei University, and many others helped me a great deal with the collection of specimens. To all of the above-mentioned I would like to extend my deep-felt thanks. * Th,- Peculiarities of the Land-lockinz-of the'Lpree-eeg Tyne Cottus japonicus t,md Tul_rueobious flumineus - The classification which was published by Myers in 1949 (130) seerned to be Quite relevant to land-locking in reference to the typé of migration. He named the migration between .. sea-water and fresh-water Diadromous migration, and divided this category into, three sub-categories; namely, Anadromous migration, Catadromoils migration, and Amphidromous migration. The Anadromous migration and Catadromous migration-are seen, typically'in the salmon-trout family and the,eel family. The fore' goes from the sea to fresh-water regions in its •n ,.tu-re period, and the latter reversely from fresh-water .regions to the .sea. Both imigrations - have the same purpose of spawning. Amphidromous Migratory fish, however, travel :,back and forth between the sea 'and.fresh-jfiater in their infancy„This is not - a spawning migration. According to Myersp• the : Sicydium ofgoby. ' genus and its relatives are examples. He says that these gobies lny eLigsin rivers and the hatched infants soon go down to the sea, live'there during the first half of their infancy, return to rivers, grow up there, and lay eggs. , As for:the Japanese-grown Anadromaus migratory fish, there \!- 1 \ salmon and Salmopluvius•genera of the salmon-trout family; • are sJ <\ and Gastcrosteus aauleatus of the stickleback family. Besides, the 1 ariprsjy family migrates in the same manner, although it •••■ .\ does not belong to fish. These fish all go un rivers for spawning in their mature period and in re lation to land-locking it is interesting in what stage of their • growth they go down to the sea. They do not go down to the sea immediately after hatching. For example, the fish which. the salmon and Salno pluvius genus, and Tribolodon belong to • hakuensis have about 10 cm of body-length before going down, and the Gestarosteus aculeatus, whose full body-length is about 10 cm, start going down at about 3 cm. The lamprey family also stays in fresh-water until the completion of metamorphosis. As described above, they spend the first half of their infancy in fresh-water regions. It is not irrelevant to the above-mentioned fact that land- locking often occurs among such fish. For example, each of the Oncorhynchus masou and Oncorhynchus nerka of the' salmon genus; Salvelinus malma and Salvelinus leucomaenis of the Salmo pluvius genus; Tribolodon haluensis and Gasterostus aculeatus of the stickleback family produces land-locked • fish such as Salmo nocrostoma, 0.n.f. adonis; and Tribolodon hakuensis, Gastercstus aculeatus (the last two have not been named yet). Furthermore those, except 0.n0f. adonis, are all land-locked in rivers (fluvial land-locked). Those which live in fresh- water regions and that in rivers for the first.half of their infancy should not have nuch difficulty renaining,there to live for their lifetime. In fat, land-locking occurs among them and there are also many examples that such land-locked fish live with migratory ones, such as Salvelinus nalma and its land-locked fish (-U\i- x.c..7,,:.÷,te. in Saghalien, S. leucomaenis and Oncorhynchusmnsou andtheifc land-locked fich and Salmo mocrostoma in Hokkaido and Tohoku district, and G. aculeutus.and itsland-locked fish • (Kobayashi, 1957) in the Ishikari River. The term "land-lockine gives an_impression that migratory fish are passively locked-infreshwater regions, but as (131) 0no v(1933) . about Oncorhynchus masou and Ricker (1938) about Oncorhynchus nerka, the 'behaviour of lan d-locking seems to be explained mainly by the relationship between growth nrd naturity. It is not an abnormal phenomenon that Anadromous migratory fish are land-locked, since they do not have to change their early life histories, and in tact they never do. It also happens very easily that the descendants of land-lockec fish become migratory fish again. This phenomenon is proved in Oncorhynchus masou (Ono, 1933) 9 and in Oncorhynchus nerka (Ricker, 1938). It is known in Tohoku district that the migra- , tory female -Oncorhynchus masou inter-breeds with the land- locked tale and that rot of their male descendants remain in fresh-water regions, but that most of the females go . down to the sea (Tanaka, 1956). In short, in Anadromous migratory fish, migration and land-locking are, to a great extent, reversible. ;As: for Japanese-grown Catadromous migratory fish, there are Anguilla japonica, A. marmorata, and Trachidermus fasciatus and Cottus hazika of the Cottus japonicus family. There are, however, no land-locked fish reported. The Catadromous migra- tory fish live in the sea during the first half of their infancy, cone up the rivers, and go back to the sea again in their mature period to lay eggs there. The life history is completely reversed in this case and it seems to be difficult for them to become land-locked fish. Japanese-grown Amphidrous migratory fish are Plecoglossus artivelis, fish of the goby family such as Eleotris oxycephala, Rhinogobious brunneus, R. ziUrinus, Chaenogobius urotaenia, Ch. annularis, Tridentiger obscurus, iuciogobius guttatus, and Sicydilim- japonicum, and the small-egg type Cottus japonicus. They go doWn to . the seaa immediately after hatching, spend the first half of their infancy:there. and.then they goup . and spawn. In this:regard they are rivers where they grow . Similar to 1,iyers' (1949) examples of Sicydium and its relativ-. es. From the morphological point of view, their bodies are frail-looking and their fins are incomplete immediately after hatching, and in theÉe respects they are distinctively differ- ent from Anadromous migratory fish in the .