Ann. Bot. Fennici 39: 257–265 ISSN 0003-3847 Helsinki 11 December 2002 © Finnish Zoological and Botanical Publishing Board 2002 Changbai wood-rotting fungi 13. Antrodia sensu lato Yu-Cheng Dai1 & Tuomo Niemelä2 1) Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wenhua Road 72, Shenyang 110016, China 2) Botanical Museum, P.O. Box 47, FIN-00014 University of Helsinki, Finland Received 8 March 2002, accepted 24 May 2002 Dai, Y. C. & Niemelä, T. 2002: Changbai wood-rotting fungi 13. Antrodia sensu lato. — Ann. Bot. Fennici 39: 257–265. This paper deals with the species of Antrodia (Basidiomycota) in northeastern China. Seventeen species are found in the area, and a key was compiled for the species so far recorded. Statistical variations of spore dimensions are included in the key. A new species, Antrodia leucaena Y.C. Dai & Niemelä, collected on Populus davidiana, is described and illustrated. It is characterized by resupinate to effused-refl exed basidi- ocarps, and white to cream colour of pore surface, turning brownish when drying. The hyphal structure is dimitic with clamps on generative hyphae, spores are cylindric, and rhomboid or irregular crystal clusters are common in its context and trama. In addi- tion, a non-fertile hymenium has thin-walled hyphidia with apical encrustations. The species seems to be living exclusively on Populus. The closest relatives are A. serialis (Fr.) Donk (having different spores, different set of colours, and growing on conifers), Antrodia macra (Sommerf.) Niemelä (a resupinate species), and A. pulvinascens (Pilát) Niemelä (producing pseudopilei). Five other Antrodia species are briefl y discussed. Key words: Antrodia, Basidiomycota, China, taxonomy, wood-rotting fungi Introduction linus Quél. (P. viticola (Schwein. : Fr.) Donk) or Dichomitus D.A. Reid (D. campestris (Quél.) The genus Antrodia P. Karst. was established Domanski & Orlicz). Polyporus serpens Fr. 120 years ago, when poroid Basidiomycetes with (= Antrodia albida (Fr. : Fr.) Donk, according effused-refl exed growth habit were included in it to the neotypifi cation by Ryvarden 1991) was by Karsten (1880). The original species turned selected as the type by Donk (1960), who thus out to be rather distantly related according to fi xed the current concept of the genus. Donk the modern taxonomic criteria: some are now (1966), Ryvarden (1977) and Niemelä (1978) included in Datronia Donk (D. mollis (Som- improved the delimitation of the genus, and its merf.) Donk, D. stereoides (Fr. : Fr.) Ryvarden), modern defi nition was outlined by Gilbertson Daedalea Pers. : Fr. (D. quercina L. : Fr.), Phel- and Ryvarden (1986–1987). 258 Dai & Niemelä • ANN. BOT. FENNICI Vol. 39 All the species in the genus share a resupinate by the authors was reexamined, and especially to effused-refl exed growth habit, white or pale the spore dimensions of each species were meas- colour of the context, and they all are brown-rot ured. A key for the 17 species is given here, and fungi. Although basidiospores are variable in the data of spores of each species are included. size, typical spores are thin-walled, negative in IKI and CB, and cylindric, very narrow ellipsoid or fusiform in shape. However, there is a small Material and methods group of species in which the spores are more or less truncate, rather thick-walled and slightly but Most of the material for the present study was distinctly cyanophilous; they are sometimes sepa- collected by the author YCD during fi eld trips rated into another genus, Fibroporia Parmasto to China in 1993, 1995, 1997, 1998 (with TN) (F. vaillantii (DC. : Fr.) Parmasto, F. gossypium and 1999, and some specimens were collected (Speg.) Parmasto etc.). The hyphae of some from the Fenglin Nature Reserve of NE China species are amyloid, but mostly not; they are acy- by Reijo Penttilä in 2000. The collections are anophilous. A dimitic hyphal system is character- deposited at the Botanical Museum of the Uni- istic to the genus, and all the species seem to bear versity of Helsinki (H); duplicates will be depos- clamp connections on generative hyphae. ited in a Chinese mycological herbarium (IFP) Antrodia is a relatively well known and spe- later. Some specimens from Europe and North ciose genus among poroid wood-rotting fungi, America, especially from Finland, were studied and 40 species have been recognized so far. The to support our results. All the studied specimens highest number of species are found in temperate are listed. Specifi c colour terms in the description and boreal forests, e.g., 29 species are known in are after Anonymous (1969). The microscopic Europe (Ryvarden & Gilbertson 1993, Bernicchia routine used in the study is as presented by Dai & Ryvarden 2001), 21 species have been listed (1996). Spore dimensions derive mostly from from North America (Gilbertson & Ryvarden the Chinese material. In the text the following 1986–1987), and 18 species were recorded in abbreviations are used: L = mean spore length East Asia (Núñez & Ryvarden 2001). While (arithmetical mean of all spores), W = mean being rich in species in temperate and boreal spore width (arithmetical mean of all spores), northern hemisphere, Antrodia has fewer spe- Q = variation in the L/W ratios between the cies in the tropics. From tropical East Africa, specimens studied (quotients of the mean spore for instance, Ryvarden and Johansen (1980) list length and the mean spore width; smallest and only nine species and even some of them seem biggest value given), n = the number of spores to be alien decayers of exotic coniferous trees in measured from given number of specimens. In forest plantations. Quanten (1997) mentioned just presenting the variation in the size of spores, 5% three species in her polypore fl ora of Papua New of the measurements were excluded from each Guinea. Recently 22 species were reported from end of the range, and are given in parentheses; whole America (Lodge et al. 2001); A. gossypium IKI stands for Melzerʼs reagent, KOH for 5% and A. vaillantii were not included in that count. potassium hydroxide, and CB is the abbreviation Some species of Antrodia were reported of Cotton Blue. CB+ means cyanophilous and from China by Zhao (1998) and Dai (2000), CB– acyanophilous; IKI+ means amyloid and but there are still gaps in our knowledge of the IKI– means both inamyloid and indextrinoid. genus there. In an earlier paper of Dai (1996), a couple of collections from NE China were tenta- tively identifi ed as A. cf. macra; after studying Taxonomy additional, new material it turned out that the Chinese specimens differ from the European A. Key to species of Antrodia from northeastern macra (Sommerf.) Niemelä, and a new species, China A. leucaena Y.C. Dai & Niemelä, is described in this paper. Linked with this study, the whole 1. Basidiospores narrow, < 2 µm in width ....................... 2 material of Antrodia collected from NE China 1. Basidiospores wide, > 2 µm in width .......................... 4 ANN. BOT. FENNICI Vol. 39 • Changbai wood-rotting fungi 13 259 2. Basidiocarps usually annual; pores 2–4 per mm, irregular, 3.42 µm, Q = 2.24 (n = 38/1) dissepiments lacerate ........ A. sinuosa (Romell) P. Karst. 12. On gymnosperms; pores irregular, sinuous to daedale- (4–)4.5–6(–7) ¥ (1–)1.2–1.8(–2) µm, L = 5.43 µm, oid; basidiospores mostly > 8.5 µm in length ................. W = 1.56 µm, Q = 3.33–3.67 (n = 92/3) ................................ A. variiformis (DC. : Fr.) Ryvarden 2. Basidiocarps usually perennial; pores 4–7 per mm, regu- (8–)8.2–10(–10.5) ¥ (3–)3.1–4(–4.2) µm, L = 9.14 µm, lar, dissepiments entire ................................................. 3 W = 3.74 µm, Q = 2.44 (n = 34/1) 3. Pores white or yellow both when fresh and dry; basidio- 13. Basidiospores slightly fusiform with tapering apex ..... 14 spores < 1.5 µm in width .. A. xantha (Fr. : Fr.) Ryvarden 13. Basidiospores cylindrical ........................................... 15 (3.8–)4–5(–5.2) ¥ (1.1–)1.2–1.5(–1.6) µm, L = 4.45 µm, 14. Basidiocarps leathery to tough when fresh, becoming W = 1.34 µm, Q = 3.32–3.35 (n = 60/2) corky when dry; skeletal hyphae dominant in all tissues 3. Pores cream to pale sordid brown when dry; basidio- ...................................................... A. serialis (Fr.) Donk spores > 1.5 µm in width ................................................ (6–)6.3–8(–8.2) ¥ (2–)2.2–3.3(–3.5) µm, L = 7.57 µm, ...................... A. sitchensis (Baxter) Pouzar & Vampola W = 2.96 µm, Q = 2.56 (n = 30/1) (4–)4.4–5.4(–5.8) ¥ (1.3–)1.5–2(–2.2) µm, L = 4.88 µm, 14. Basidiocarps soft when fresh, becoming fragile when W = 1.76 µm, Q = 2.77 (n = 30/1) dry; generative hyphae dominant in all tissues ............... 4. Pores 1–2 per mm ........................................................ 5 ........................................ A. infi rma Renvall & Niemelä 4. Pores > 3 per mm ......................................................... 7 (4.2–)5–6.2(–7) ¥ (2–)2.2–2.5(–3) µm, L = 5.36 µm, W 5. Basidiospores > 12 µm in length ....................................... = 2.18 µm, Q = 2.8–2.66 (n = 60/2) .............................. A. macrospora Bernicchia & De Dom 15. On gymnosperms; hyphal system trimitic, generative (11–)12–14(–15) ¥ (4–)4.5–5.5(–5.6) µm, L = 12.50 µm, hyphae dominant in subiculum ....................................... W = 4.97 µm, Q = 2.52 (n = 29/1) ..................................... A. primaeva Renvall & Niemelä 5. Basidiospores < 12 µm in length ................................. 6 (6–)6.5–7.5(–7.8) ¥ (2.2–)2.5–3(–3.2) µm, L = 6.57 µm, 6. On gymnosperms; basidiocarps light brown when dry, W = 2.67 µm, Q = 2.46 (n = 30/1) dissepiments split to dentate .............................................. 15. On angiosperms; hyphal system dimitic, skeletal hyphae ....................................... A. heteromorpha (Fr. : Fr.) Donk dominant in subiculum ............................................... 16 (7.8–)8–12(–12.5) ¥ (3.2–)3.6–4.8(–5) µm, L = 9.45 µm, 16.