N E TION I December 2004 T GANIZA estern Pacific Region E TH OR L Asia Region W L ORLD HEAL ENGU W South-East U olume 28 V B D DENGUE BULLETIN Volume 28, 2004 DDeenngguuee BBuulllleettiinn Volume 28 December 2004 World Health Organization South-East Asia Region Western Pacific Region ISBN 92 9022 256 5 © World Health Organization 2004 Publications of the World Health Organization enjoy copyright protection in accordance with the provisions of Protocol 2 of the Universal Copyright Convention. For rights of reproduction or translation, in part or in toto, of publications issued by the WHO Regional Office for South- East Asia, application should be made to the Regional Office for South-East Asia, World Health House, Indraprastha Estate, New Delhi 110 002, India. The designations employed and the presentation of the material in this publication do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of the Secretariat of the World Health Organization concerning the legal status of any country, territory, city or area or of its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries. The views expressed in this publication are those of the author and do not necessarily reflect the decisions or stated policy of the World Health Organization; however they focus on issues that have been recognized by the Organization and Member States as being of high priority. Printed in India Indexation: Dengue Bulletin is being indexed by BIOSIS and Elsevier’s Bibliographic Databases including, EMBASE, Compendex, Geobase and Scopus Acknowledgements Editor, Dengue Bulletin, WHO/SEARO, gratefully thanks the following for peer reviewing manuscripts submitted for publication. In-house Review: Nand L. Kalra: Reviewed the manuscripts in respect of format check, content, conclusions drawn, including condensation of tabular and illustrative materials for clear, concise and focused presentation and bibliographic references. He was also involved in the final stages of printing of the Bulletin. Peer Reviewers 1. Dana A. Focks John W. Hock Company P.O. Box 12852 Gainesville, FL 32604 USA E-mail: [email protected] 2. Duane J. Gubler Director Asia-Pacific Institute of Tropical Medicine and Infectious Diseases Leahi Hospital 3675 Kilauea Ave Honolulu, Hawaii 96816 USA E-mail: [email protected] 3. Oon Chong Teik Tropical Medicine & Infectious Diseases Mt Elizabeth Hospital Singapore 228510 E-mail: [email protected] Dengue Bulletin – Vol 28, 2004 iii 4. Scott Halstead Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences Bethesda, Maryland USA E-mail: [email protected] 5. Siripen Kalyanarooj WHO Collaborating Centre for Case Management of Dengue/DHF/DSS Queen Sirikit National Institute of Child Health (Children’s Hospital) Bangkok Thailand E-mail: [email protected] 6. Suchitra Nimmannitya WHO Collaborating Centre for Case Management of Dengue/DHF/DSS Queen Sirikit National Institute of Child Health (Children’s Hospital) Bangkok Thailand E-mail: [email protected] 7. Kevin Palmer Regional Office for the Western Pacific P.O. Box No. 2932 12115 Manila Philippines E-mail: [email protected] 8. Michael Nathan World Health Organization Headquarters 20 Avenue Appia 1211 Geneva 27 Switzerland E-mail: [email protected] The quality and scientific stature of the Dengue Bulletin is largely due to the conscientious efforts of the experts and also due to the positive response of contributors to comments and suggestions. iv Dengue Bulletin – Vol 28, 2004 From the Editor’s Desk ver the decades dengue/dengue haemorrhagic fever has emerged as a global public O health problem with countries in Asia and the Pacific sharing more than 70 % of the disease burden. In some of these countries, DHF is gaining hyper-endemicity causing deaths among children. During 2004, Indonesia reported a major dengue outbreak encompassing Central Java, Sumatra and some outer islands. Till the end of July 2004, 69,017 cases of DF/DHF and 770 deaths were registered by Indonesian health authorities. During this epidemic DEN-3 was the predominant serotype. Sri Lanka also reported a major outbreak with 12,400 cases and 71 deaths as of 23 August 2004. A majority of the cases were reported from five cities: Colombo, Kandy, Gampaha, Kalutara and Kurunegala. In the South-East Asia Region, Bhutan and Nepal continued to enjoy dengue-free status till 2003 because of their sub-mountainous location. However, during August 2004, Bhutan recorded the first-ever outbreak of DF/DHF in Phuntsholing (population 27,000), a border town with India. During this outbreak a total of 2,544 DF/DHF cases with no deaths were reported. More than 93 % of those affected were persons above 5 years of age. This sent a strong signal to the adjoining DF-free north-eastern part of India and Nepal to take appropriate preventive action. DengueNet, the WHO Global Surveillance System for management of epidemiological and virological surveillance data for early detection, planning and response, was launched in the South-East Asia and Western Pacific countries during 2004. Each country identified institutions which would participate in the programme. The current Volume 28 (2004) of the Dengue Bulletin includes contributions from the South-East Asia Region (13), the Western Pacific Region (7), the American Region (5) and the European Region (4). A supplement, featuring experiences from different countries in social mobilization and communication for dengue prevention and control, is also being issued along with this volume. We now invite contributions for Volume 29 (2005). The deadline for the receipt of contributions is 30 June 2005. Contributors are requested to follow the instructions carefully while preparing the manuscript. Contributions accompanied by computer diskettes using MS Word for Windows should be sent to the Editor, Dengue Bulletin, WHO/SEARO, Mahatma Gandhi Road, IP Estate, Ring Road, New Delhi-110 002, India, or by e-mail as a file attachment to the Editor at [email protected]. Readers desirous of obtaining copies of the Dengue Bulletin may contact the respective WHO Regional Offices in New Delhi or Manila or the WHO Country Representative in their country of residence. Dr Chusak Prasittisuk Regional Adviser Vector-borne Disease Control World Health Organization Regional Office for South-East Asia New Delhi, India Contents 1. Annual Changes of Predominant Dengue Virus Serotypes in Six Regional 1 Hospitals in Thailand from 1999 to 2002 Surapee Anantapreecha, Sumalee Chanama, Atchareeya A-nuegoonpipat, Sirirat Naemkhunthot, Areerat Sa-ngasang, Pathom Sawanpanyalert and Ichiro Kurane 2. A Retrospective Study of the 1996 DEN-1 Epidemic in Trinidad: 7 Demographic and Clinical Features T.U. Brown, K. Babb, M. Nimrod, C.V.F. Carrington, R.A. Salas and M.A. Monteil 3. Ecological Study of Rio de Janeiro City DEN -3 Epidemic, 2001-2002 20 Maria Lucia F. Penna 4. Sero-epidemiological and Virological Investigation of Dengue Infection 28 in Oaxaca, Mexico, during 2000-2001 A. Cisneros-Solano, M.M.B. Moreno-Altamirano, U. Martínez-Soriano, F. Jimenez-Rojas, A. Díaz-Badillo and M.L. Muñoz 5. Spatial and Temporal Dynamics of Dengue Haemorrhagic Fever 35 Epidemics, Nakhon Pathom Province, Thailand, 1997-2001 Wutjanun Muttitanon, Pongpan Kongthong, Chusak Kongkanon, Sutee Yoksan, Narong Nitatpattana, Jean Paul Gonzalez and Philippe Barbazan 6. Sporadic Prevalence of DF/DHF in the Nilgiri and Cardamom Hills of 44 Western Ghats in South India: Is it a Seeding from Sylvatic Dengue Cycle – A Hypothesis Nand Lal Kalra and Chusak Prasittisuk 7. Autoimmunity in Dengue Virus Infection 51 Chiou-Feng Lin, Huan-Yao Lei, Ching-Chuan Liu, Hsiao-Sheng Liu, Trai-Ming Yeh, Shun-Hua Chen and Yee-Shin Lin 8. Inhibition of the NS2B-NS3 Protease – Towards a Causative Therapy for 58 Dengue Virus Diseases Gerd Katzenmeier Dengue Bulletin – Vol 28, 2004 v Contents 9. Prognostic Factors of Clinical Outcome in Non-Paediatric Patients with 68 Dengue Haemorrhagic Fever/Dengue Shock Syndrome Jaime R. Torres, José M. Torres-Viera, Hipólito García, José R. Silva, Yasmín Baddour, Angel Bajares and Julio Castro M. 10. Dengue Haemorrhagic Fever with Encephalopathy/Fatality at Petchabun 77 Hospital: A three-year Prospective Study (1999-2002) Prasonk Witayathawornwong 11. A New Tool for the Diagnosis and Molecular Surveillance of Dengue 87 Infections in Clinical Samples C. Domingo, G. Palacios, M. Niedrig, M. Cabrerizo, O. Jabado, N. Reyes, W.I. Lipkin and A. Tenorio 12. Clinical and Laboratory Observations Associated with the 2000 Dengue 96 Outbreak in Dhaka, Bangladesh Monira Pervin, Shahina Tabassum, Md. Mobarak Ali, Kazi Zulfiquer Mamun and Md. Nazrul Islam 13. Current Status of Dengue Diagnosis at the Center for Disease Control, 107 Taiwan Pei-Yun Shu, Shu-Fen Chang, Yi-Yun Yueh, Ling Chow, Li-Jung Chien, Yu-Chung Kuo, Chien-Lin Su, Tsai-Ling Liao, Ting-Hsiang Lin and Jyh-Hsiung Huang 14. Detection of Dengue Virus Serotype-specific IgM by IgM Capture ELISA in 118 the Presence of Sodium thiocyanate (NaSCN) Masaru Nawa, Tomohiko Takasaki, Mikako Ito, Ichiro Kurane and Toshitaka Akatsuka 15. Genetic Influences on Dengue Virus Infections 126 J.F.P. Wagenaar, A.T.A. Mairuhu and E.C.M. van Gorp 16. Identification and Phylogenetic Analysis of DEN-1 Virus Isolated in 135 Guangzhou, China, in 2002 Jun-lei Zhang, Rui Jian, Ying-jie Wan, Tao Peng and Jing An vi Dengue Bulletin – Vol 28, 2004 Contents 17. Induction of Cytotoxic T Lymphocytes by Immunization with Dengue 145 Virus – Derived, Modified Epitope Peptide, Using Dendritic Cells as a Peptide Delivery System Yoshiki Fujii, Hideyuki Masaki, Takanori Tomura, Kiyohiro Irimajiri and Ichiro Kurane 18. Molecular Characterization of Brazilian Dengue Viruses 151 Marize Pereira Miagostovich, Flávia Barreto dos Santos and Rita Maria Ribeiro Nogueira 19. Unusual Emergence of Guate98-like Molecular Subtype of DEN-3 161 during 2003 Dengue Outbreak in Delhi Manoj Kumar, S.T. Pasha, Veena Mittal, D.S. Rawat, Subhash Chandra Arya, Nirmala Agarwal, Depesh Bhattacharya, Shiv Lal and Arvind Rai 20.