Bathymetric Surveys of Morse and Geist Reservoirs in Central Indiana Made with Acoustic Doppler Current Profiler and Global Positioning System Technology, 1996 By JOHN T. WILSON, SCOTT E. MORLOCK, and NANCY T. BAKER Prepared in cooperation with the INDIANA DEPARTMENT OF NATURAL RESOURCES, DIVISION OF WATER U.S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY Water-Resources Investigations Report 97-4099 Indianapolis, Indiana 1997 U.S. DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR BRUCE BABBITT, Secretary U.S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY Gordon P. Eaton, Director The use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. For additional information, write to: Copies of this report can be purchased from: District Chief U.S. Geological Survey U.S. Geological Survey Branch of Information Services Water Resources Division Box 25286 5957 Lakeside Boulevard Federal Center Indianapolis, IN 46278-1996 Denver, CO 80225 CONTENTS Abstract .................................................................................... 1 Introduction ................................................................................. 1 Purpose and Scope ....................................................................... 2 Physical Setting ......................................................................... 2 Morse Reservoir .................................................................... 2 Geist Reservoir ..................................................................... 4 Acknowledgments ....................................................................... 4 Methods of Investigation ...................................................................... 4 Acoustic Doppler Current Profiler ........................................................... 5 Operation Principles ................................................................. 5 Operation Limitations ................................................................ 8 Accuracy of Acoustic Doppler Current Profiler Methods .................................... 9 Global Positioning System ................................................................. 10 Operation Principles ................................................................ 10 Operation Limitations ............................................................... 11 Accuracy of Global Positioning System Methods ......................................... 11 Bathymetric Surveys .......................................................................... 11 Contour Mapping ........................................................................ 16 Contour Map Generation............................................................. 16 Contour Mapping Limitations ......................................................... 17 Estimation of Reservoir Volumes ........................................................... 20 Morse Reservoir ................................................................... 20 Geist Reservoir .................................................................... 20 Estimation of Sedimentation ............................................................... 20 Morse Reservoir ................................................................... 21 Geist Reservoir .................................................................... 22 Summary and Conclusions ..................................................................... 23 References Cited ............................................................................. 24 Supplemental Data............................................................................ 25 Cross Sections of Morse Reservoir .......................................................... 25 Cross Sections of Geist Reservoir ........................................................... 37 FIGURES 1-2. Maps showing: 1. Location of Morse and Geist Reservoirs in Hamilton and Marion Counties, Indiana............. 3 2. Example of the pattern of boat paths used to collect bathymetry data with the acoustic Doppler current profiler and a global positioning system on Geist Reservoir, central Indiana...... 6 3. Sketch showing the components of a typical acoustic Doppler current profiler and sketch of an ADCP mounted on a boat............................................................... 7 4. Graphs showing a comparison of average water depth from the acoustic Doppler current profiler with water depth from a survey rod on Geist and Morse Reservoirs, central Indiana, and a comparison of the difference in water depths between the two methods and the water depth from a survey rod...... 9 Contents Hi CONTENTS FIGURES Continued 5-8. Maps showing: 5. Location of acoustic Doppler current profiler transects, shallow-water-depth points, and cross sections for Morse Reservoir, central Indiana ..................................... 14 6. Location of acoustic Doppler current profiler transects, shallow-water-depth points, and cross sections for Geist Reservoir, central Indiana ...................................... 15 7. Water-depth contours of Morse Reservoir, central Indiana................................ 18 8. Water-depth contours of Geist Reservoir, central Indiana................................. 19 9-19. Graphs showing cross sections of Morse Reservoir, central Indiana, from a 1978 fathometer profile and a cross section from the bathymetric surface computed from the 1996 survey: 9. Cross section #2 ................................................................. 26 10. Cross section #3 ................................................................. 27 11. Cross section #5 ................................................................. 28 12. Cross section #6 ................................................................. 29 13. Cross section #8 ................................................................. 30 14. Cross section #10................................................................ 31 15. Cross section #12 ................................................................ 32 16. Cross section #14 ................................................................ 33 17. Cross section #16 ................................................................ 34 18. Cross section #18 ................................................................ 35 19. Cross section #20 ................................................................ 36 20-31. Graphs showing cross sections of Geist Reservoir, central Indiana, from a 1980 fathometer profile and a cross section from the bathymetric surface computed from the 1996 survey: 20. Cross section #1 ................................................................. 38 21. Cross section #7 ................................................................. 39 22. Cross section #8 ................................................................. 40 23. Cross section #12 ................................................................ 41 24. Cross section #15 ................................................................ 42 25. Cross section #20 ................................................................ 43 26. Cross section #26 ................................................................ 44 27. Cross section #29 ................................................................ 45 28. Cross section #33 ................................................................ 46 29. Cross section #36 ................................................................ 47 30. Cross section #37 ................................................................ 48 31. Cross section #39 ................................................................ 49 TABLES 1. Comparison of redundant global positioning system positions for evaluating the reproducibility of the GPS methods used to map Morse and Geist Reservoirs in central Indiana ..................... 12 2. Comparison of measured global positioning system positions with known control points for evaluating the accuracy of the GPS methods used to map Morse and Geist Reservoirs in central Indiana....................................................................... 13 iv Bathymetric Surveys, Morse and Geist Reservoirs, Central Indiana, 1996 CONVERSION FACTORS, VERTICAL DATUM, AND ABBREVIATIONS Multiply By To Obtain inch (in.) 25.4 millimeter foot (ft) 0.3048 meter square foot (ft2) 0.09290 square meter foot per second (ft/sec) 0.3048 meter per second mile (mi) 1.609 kilometer square mile (mi2) 2.590 square kilometer acre 4,047 square meter acre-feet (acre-ft) 1,233.5 cubic meter gallon (gal) 3.785 liter gallon (gal) 0.003785 cubic meter Acre-foot: In this report, an acre-foot is the volume of water occupied by a depth of 1 foot over an area of 1 acre, which equals 43,560 cubic feet or approximately 326,000 gallons. Knot: In this report, "knot" refers to nautical miles per hour, which equals about 1.15 statute miles per hour. Sea level: In this report, "sea level" refers to the National Geodetic Vertical Datum of 1929 (NGVD of 1929) a geodetic datum derived from a general adjustment of the first-order level nets of the United States and Canada, formerly called Sea Level Datum of 1929. The following abbreviations are used in this report: Abbreviation Description ADCP Acoustic Doppler current profiler GIS Geographic information system GPS Global positioning system SA Selective Availability UTM Universal Transverse Mercator kHz Kilohertz m meter cm centimeter cm/sec centimeter per second km kilometer Bgal Billion gallons Mgal Million gallons Contents v Bathymetric Surveys of Morse and Geist Reservoirs in Central