30/09/2016 WG 2 Mark Sutton and Catalina Perales-Raya A phylogeny of neocoleoid cephalopods: first approach using living and fossil taxa DATASET and METHODS 131 morphological characters and 79 taxa Main character selection designed “de novo” to facilitate analysis of taxa known from isolated gladii. Some “soft tissue” characters originate from previous analysis (Lindgren et al., 2004; Young and Vecchione, 1996) 31 living species (21 Decapodiformes and 10 Octopodiformes) 78 Neocoleoidea taxa 47 extinct species (Palaeozoic and Mesozoic fossils) 1 Outgroup taxon (codeable, non-coleoid): Nautilus Computational cladistic analysis: TNT Equal and implied weights were used. Analyses with the constraint of monophyly for living Decapodiformes were also performed 1 30/09/2016 METHODS: Homologies for coding fossil-extant gladii RESULTS Consensus Tree constrained to decapodiform monophyly (implied weights k=3): results consistent with recent molecular phylogeny of extant cephalopods ”Octodiformes theory”: most Mesozo ic gldiladius- bearing cephalopods closely related to extant Octopodiformes 2 30/09/2016 RESULTS Idiosepius and Pohlsepia: resolved as a basal Sepia: BASAL TAXA coleoid (of uncertain affinities), but not an octopodiform Belemnoidea within Jeletzkya: candidate for the crown group earliest representative of Decapodiformes Decapodiformes, but poorly characterized at present Oegopsida and Bathyteuthoidea closely related Marekites and Eoteuthoides: Exceptions to “Octopodiforms Theory” Rossia, Spirula, Spirula and Gonatus consistent Gonatus: difficult association: SIPHUNCLE genera but agreement with recent molecular results 3 30/09/2016 Octopodiformes clade Vampyroteuthis in Teudopseina group and sister of the octopoda Plesioteuthidae: Fossil sister group to Japetella: difficult genus but agreement the crown-group Octopoda with recent molecular results Fossils Palaeoctopus, Keuppia and Styletoctopus fall within octopopod crown-group 4 30/09/2016 Thanks for your attention! WG 2 5.