MTEL Physical 22 Education Teacher Certification Exam By: Sharon Wynne, M.S Southern Connecticut State University XAMonline, INC. Boston Copyright © 2007 XAMonline, Inc. All rights reserved. No part of the material protected by this copyright notice may be reproduced or utilized in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, recording or by any information storage and retrievable system, without written permission from the copyright holder. To obtain permission(s) to use the material from this work for any purpose including workshops or seminars, please submit a written request to: XAMonline, Inc. 21 Orient Ave. Melrose, MA 02176 Toll Free 1-800-509-4128 Email: [email protected] Web www.xamonline.com Fax: 1-781-662-9268 Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data / Sharon A. Wynne. -2nd ed. ISBN 978-1-60787-838-4 1. Physical Education 22 2. Study Guides. 3.MTEL 4. Teachers’ Certification & Licensure. 5. 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Printed in the United States of America œ-1 MTEL: Physical Education 22 ISBN: 978-1-60787-838-4 TEACHER CERTIFICATION STUDY GUIDE MASSACHUSETTS TESTS FOR EDUCATOR LICENSURE (MTEL) – Physical Education ABOUT THE MTEL The MTEL program includes a test of communication and literacy skills as well as tests of subject matter knowledge. Communication and Literacy Skills Test: • Consists of two subtests: Reading and Writing. • Reading subtests contains multiple-choice items and word meaning items. • Writing subtest contains four sections: written summary, written composition, grammar and usage, and written mechanics. Pre K-12 Subject Matter Tests: • Consists of multiple-choice items and open-response items. MTEL PASSING REQUIREMENTS A candidate’s performance on a test is evaluated against an established standard. The scores are converted to a common scale to provide consistency. A score of 70 represents the qualifying, or passing, score. Candidates who do not achieve the passing score may retake the test at any of the subsequent test administrations. LICENSURE TEST REQUIREMENTS Educators seeking a first Massachusetts PreK-12 license must achieve a passing score on the Communication and Literacy Skills test AND any relevant PreK-12 subject matter test. PHYSICAL EDUCATION i TEACHER CERTIFICATION STUDY GUIDE Table of Contents DOMAIN I. PHYSICAL DEVELOPMENT AND MOTOR LEARNING COMPETENCY 1.0 UNDERSTAND COMPONENTS AND FUNCTIONS OF THE MAJOR BODY SYSTEMS........................................... 1 SKILL 1.1 General organization of the skeletal, muscular, circulatory, respiratory, and nervous systems, common disorders of the systems, and physiological processes involving the systems ............ 1 COMPETENCY 2.0 UNDERSTAND PHYSICAL GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT .................................................................. 11 SKILL 2.1 Phases and characteristics of physical development during infancy, childhood, adolescence, and adulthood ............................................ 11 SKILL 2.2 Developmental issues during the phases of human growth .............. 12 SKILL 2.3 Factors that influence physical growth and development .................. 13 COMPETENCY 3.0 UNDERSTAND SEQUENCES AND CHARACTERISTICS OF MOTOR DEVELOPMENT ............................................. 15 SKILL 3.1 Sequences and characteristics of motor skill development during infancy, childhood, adolescence, and adulthood ............................... 15 SKILL 3.2 Relationship of motor development to physical, cognitive, psychosocial, and emotional development ........................................ 15 SKILL 3.3 Factors that influence motor development and performance ............. 18 COMPETENCY 4.0 UNDERSTAND PRINCIPLES OF PERCEPTUAL-MOTOR DEVELOPMENT .................................................................. 19 SKILL 4.1 Visual, auditory, tactile, and kinesthetic discriminations and their relationships to motor development and performance ....................... 19 SKILL 4.2 Perceptual-motor development activities, materials, and equipment that are appropriate for students at various developmental levels .......................................................................................................... 19 PHYSICAL EDUCATION ii TEACHER CERTIFICATION STUDY GUIDE COMPETENCY 5.0 UNDERSTAND PRINCIPLES OF MOTOR LEARNING ...... 21 SKILL 5.1 Theories and models of motor learning ............................................. 21 SKILL 5.2 Principles of practice, retention, readiness, feedback, observational learning, and transfer of learning as they relate to motor skill acquisition ......................................................................................... 22 SKILL 5.3 Methods for promoting recognition and use of similar movement concepts and elements in a variety of skills ....................................... 23 SKILL 5.4 Techniques for detecting errors in motor performance and providing cues and corrective feedback ............................................................ 23 SKILL 5.5 Techniques for modifying sports and games to promote the use of combinations of motor skills .............................................................. 25 DOMAIN II. HEALTH-RELATED PHYSICAL FITNESS COMPETENCY 1.0 UNDERSTAND COMPONENTS OF PHYSICAL FITNESS AND PRINCIPLES OF TRAINING ....................................... 26 SKILL 1.1 Basic components of physical fitness and principles of training ........ 26 SKILL 1.2 Aerobic versus anaerobic conditioning .............................................. 27 SKILL 1.3 Short- and long-term effects of physical activity on the cardiorespiratory, muscular, skeletal, neural, and endocrine systems ............................................................................................. 28 SKILL 1.4 Interactions among these systems in producing movement .............. 29 SKILL 1.5 Energy systems used during exercise ............................................... 30 SKILL 1.6 Factors that affect physical fitness and performance......................... 30 SKILL 1.7 Potential health risks and injury prevention techniques associated with exercise and training .................................................................. 31 PHYSICAL EDUCATION iii TEACHER CERTIFICATION STUDY GUIDE COMPETENCY 2.0 UNDERSTAND THE DEVELOPMENT AND MAINTENANCE OF CARDIORESPIRATORY ENDURANCE ...................................................................... 34 SKILL 2.1 Principles and activities for developing aerobic endurance ............... 34 SKILL 2.2 Techniques for assessing and monitoring heart rate and endurance levels ................................................................................................. 35 SKILL 2.3 Appropriate aerobic activities for various developmental levels and purposes ............................................................................................ 36 COMPETENCY 3.0 UNDERSTAND THE DEVELOPMENT AND MAINTENANCE OF MUSCULAR STRENGTH AND ENDURANCE ...................................................................... 38 SKILL 3.1 Principles and activities for developing strength and endurance in various muscle groups ....................................................................... 38 SKILL 3.2 Principles, safety practices, and equipment for progressive resistance exercise ............................................................................ 52 SKILL 3.3 Techniques for assessing muscular strength and endurance ............ 52 SKILL 3.4 Appropriate activities for various developmental levels and purposes ............................................................................................ 53 COMPETENCY 4.0 UNDERSTAND THE DEVELOPMENT AND MAINTENANCE OF FLEXIBILITY ...................................... 55 SKILL 4.1 Principles and activities for developing flexibility in the major joints of the body ......................................................................................... 55 SKILL 4.2 Techniques for assessing flexibility ................................................... 57 PHYSICAL EDUCATION iv TEACHER CERTIFICATION STUDY GUIDE COMPETENCY 5.0 UNDERSTAND HOW TO DEVELOP AND MAINTAIN LEVELS OF BODY COMPOSITION THAT PROMOTE GOOD HEALTH................................................................... 58 SKILL 5.1 Principles of nutrition and weight control ........................................... 58 SKILL 5.2 Relationships between physical activity and body composition and ways in which nutrition and eating habits may affect physical development and health .................................................................... 60 SKILL 5.3 Relationships between body type and body composition .................. 61 SKILL