RAPID COMMODITY ASSESSMENT SERIES PREPARED FOR THE USAID-FUNDED HAITI HILLSIDE AGRICULTURAL PROGRAM UNDER CONTRACT NO. 521-C-00-00-00035-00 JULY 2001 i TABLE OF CONTENTS INTRODUCTION vii CHAPTER ONE COFFEE 1 INTRODUCTION .....................................................................................................................1 PRODUCTION.........................................................................................................................4 Producers..................................................................................................................4 Input and Technology ..............................................................................................4 Chemical Fertilizers.................................................................................................5 Returns .....................................................................................................................6 Cost of Production ...................................................................................................7 Net Returns to Farmer..............................................................................................9 Constraints and Opportunities................................................................................10 Opportunities for Improvement .............................................................................11 POSTHARVEST ....................................................................................................................12 Transport................................................................................................................12 Processing ..............................................................................................................13 Processing Costs ....................................................................................................14 Constraints and Opportunities................................................................................15 MARKETING........................................................................................................................16 Domestic Market....................................................................................................20 Export Market ........................................................................................................21 Constraints and Opportunities................................................................................22 POLICY ENVIRONMENT .......................................................................................................23 Policy Areas...........................................................................................................23 Constraints and Opportunities................................................................................23 ANNEX I: THE U.S. SPECIALTY MARKET FOR COFFEE 25 ANNEX II: PERSONS CONTACTED, COFFEE SUBSECTOR STUDY 35 CHAPTER TWO CACAO 39 SUMMARY CONCLUSIONS ...................................................................................................39 RECOMMENDATIONS...........................................................................................................40 INTRODUCTION ...................................................................................................................41 PRODUCTION.......................................................................................................................41 Producers................................................................................................................41 Returns ...................................................................................................................47 Constraints and Opportunities................................................................................53 ii POSTHARVEST ....................................................................................................................54 Storage ...................................................................................................................54 Transport................................................................................................................55 Processing ..............................................................................................................55 Costs.......................................................................................................................56 Constraints and Opportunities................................................................................56 MARKETING........................................................................................................................56 Domestic Market....................................................................................................60 Export Market ........................................................................................................60 Market “Windows” ................................................................................................62 Constraints and Opportunities................................................................................62 POLICY ENVIRONMENT .......................................................................................................62 Constraints and Opportunities................................................................................63 ANNEX I: CACAO: REPORT ON CLONAL GARDENS 65 ANNEX II: CACAO: TRADING CASH-FLOW PROJECTIONS 71 ANNEX III: CACAO: LABOR REQUIREMENTS IN COMMERCIAL PROJECTION 75 ANNEX IV: CACAO: SERVICOOP SALES RECORD 79 CHAPTER THREE MANGOS 83 SUMMARY CONCLUSIONS ...................................................................................................83 Phase I: Organizational..........................................................................................83 Phase 2: Expand and Create Orchards...................................................................85 Phase 3: Stabilize Mango Production and Hillsides ..............................................86 BACKGROUND.....................................................................................................................89 PRODUCTION.......................................................................................................................89 Producers................................................................................................................89 Location .................................................................................................................89 Farm Size ...............................................................................................................91 Land Types.............................................................................................................91 Productive Infrastructure .......................................................................................92 Inputs and Technology...........................................................................................92 Returns ...................................................................................................................94 Constraints and Opportunities................................................................................96 POSTHARVEST.....................................................................................................................96 Storage ...................................................................................................................96 Transport................................................................................................................98 Processing ..............................................................................................................99 Constraints and Opportunities................................................................................99 Development Alternatives, Inc. (DAI) iii MARKETING......................................................................................................................100 Domestic Market (including Dominican Republic).............................................100 Export Market ......................................................................................................101 Constraints and Opportunities..............................................................................102 United States Market Opportunities for Fresh Mangos .......................................102 ANNEX I: MANGO PRODUCTION AREAS 107 ANNEX II: NUMBER OF BOXES OF MANGOS SHIPPED FROM HAITI 111 CHAPTER FOUR ETHNIC PRODUCE 115 SUMMARY CONCLUSIONS .................................................................................................115 Increase Volume and Channel Efficiency of Ethnic Products.............................115 Work with Exporters to Increase Trade in Yams and Pumpkin ..........................115 Select Lead Farmer Groups .................................................................................116 Provide Packhouse Development Support to Association...................................116 Provide Extensions Support to Farmers During Planting Season........................116 Organize Yam and Pumpkin Collection in Jacmel..............................................116 Support Planting of Exportable Varieties of Cassava in Cap Haitien Area.........116 Support Increased Collection and Export of Genip .............................................117 Identify Demonstration Farms for Training Purposes