Centre-Province Relations, 1988-1993: A Case Study of the Punjab A DISSERTATION SUBMITTED TO THE FACULTY OF SOCIAL SCIENCES IN CANDIDACY FOR THE DEGREE OF DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY DEPARTMENT OF HISTORY By Syed Tahir Hussain Bukhari Quaid-i-Azam University Islamabad, Pakistan 2016 Thesis submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy in History Department of History Quaid-i-Azam University Islamabad, Pakistan 2016 DECLARATION I hereby declare that this thesis is the result of my individual research, and that it has not been submitted concurrently to any other university for any other degree. _____________________ Syed Tahir Hussain Bukhari DEPARTMENT OF HISTORY QUAID-I-AZAM UNIVERSITY ISLAMABAD Approval for Thesis Submission Dated: 2016 I hereby recommend the thesis prepared under my supervision by Syed Tahir Hussain Bukhari, entitled “Centre-Province Relations, 1988-1993: A Case Study of the Punjab” in partial fulfillment of the requirement for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in History. __________________________ Dr. Razia Sultana Supervisor DEPARTMENT OF HISTORY QUAID-I-AZAM UNIVERSITY ISLAMABAD Dated: 2016 FINAL APPROVAL This is to certify that we have read the thesis submitted by Syed Tahir Hussain Bukhari, entitled “Centre-Province Relations, 1988-1993: A Case Study of the Punjab” and it is our judgment that this thesis is of sufficient standard to warrant acceptance by the Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, for the award of the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in History. _ ____________________ External Examiner (1) __________________ External Examiner (2) Dr. Razia Sultana Supervisor Dr. Sayed Wiqar Ali Shah Chairman Contents List of Contents List of Abbreviations Glossary Acknowledgements Introduction………………………………………………………………………..1 Chapters Chapter 1 Federalism in Pakistan...............................................................................................21 Chapter 2 Centre-Province Relations in Pakistan, 1947-1988………………………………...81 Chapter 3 Centre-Province Relations: The Case of Punjab, 1988-1990....................................149 Chapter 4 Cordial Relations, 1990-1993………………………………………………………254 Conclusion................................................................................................................312 Bibliography.............................................................................................................320 Appendices...............................................................................................................336 ABBREVATIONS AIML All-India Muslim League AL Awami League AML Awami Muslim League ANP Awami National Party APC All Parties Conference BBC British Broadcasting Corporation BCCI Bank of Credit and Commerce International BOP The Bank of Punjab CCI Council of Common Interest CM Chief Minister COAS Chief of Army Staff COP Combined Opposition Parties DSP Deputy Superintendent of Police GHQ General Headquarters IG Inspector General IJI Islami Jamhuri Ittehad INC Indian National Congress ISI Inter services Intelligence (Pakistani Secret Agency) JUI Jamiat-ul-Ulama-i-Islam JUPN Jamiat-ul-Ulama-i-Pakistan JWP Jamhuri Watan Party KSP Krishik Seramic Party LDA Lahore Development Authority MCB Muslim Commercial Bank MQM Muhajir Qaumi Movement PKMAP Pakhtunkhwa Milli Awami Party ML Muslim League NA National Assembly NFC National Finance Commission NDA National Democratic Alliance NICFC National Industrial Cooperative Finance Corporation NWFP North West Frontier Province NPP National People’s Party OSD Officer on Special Duty PDA Pakistan Democratic Alliance PDA People’s Democratic Alliance PDA Punjab Development Authority PIDA Punjab Industrial Development Board PKNP Pakhtun Khwa National Party PML Pakistan Muslim League PNA Pakistan National Alliance PNP Pakistan National Party PPP Pakistan People’s Party PPSC Punjab Public Service Commission PRODA Public and Representative Office Disqualification Act PTV Pakistan Television PWP People’s Works Program SAARC South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation SCCI Services Credit Corporation Investment STN Shalimar Television Network USA United States of America USSR United States of Soviet Russia WAPDA Water and Power Development Authority NAP National Awami Party JUP Jamiat Ulema-i-Pakistan JUI Jamiat Ulema-i-Pakistan EPML East Pakistan Muslim League IJI Islami Jamhuri Ittehad SMLC Sindh Muslim League Council SML Sindh Muslim League MNA Member of National Assembly MPA Member of Provincial Assembly BPCR Basic Principles Committee Report SMC Sindh Mahajar Conference PMLWC Punjab Muslim League Working Committee RP Republican Party PM Prime Minister ICS Indian Civil Service RAW Reserch and Analysis Wing (Indian Secret Agency) TI Tehrik-i-Istiqlal JUI (F) Jamiat ul Ulema-i-Islam Fazlur Rahman PDP Pakistan Democratic Party JI Jamaat-i-Islami PIA Pakistan International Airlines MQM Mohajir Qoumi Movement BNP Balochistan National Party FATA Federally Adminstered Tribal Areas MRD Movement for Restoration of Democracy IJT Islami Jamiat Talaba GLOSSARY Asabiyya Group feeling a sort of prejudice Bhuttoism Philosophy and attitude based on Z. A. Bhutto’s thoughts Faujdari Criminal Horse Trading Sale and purchase of politicians to change their affiliations Idhar Hum, Udhar Tum I enjoy power here and you enjoy there Jag Punjab Jag teri pag nu lag gia dagh Beware Punjabi your honour is at stake Meray gaon mein bijli aai hae Electricity came to my village Pir Sahib Spiritual Guide Rabi and Kharif crops Rabi crops are cultivated in spring season whereas Kharif crops are cultivated in autumn season Riba Interest Sajjada Nasheens A superior category of Spiritual Guide Wazeer-i-Azam Prime Minister Ziaism Philosophy and attitude based on General Zia ul Haq’s thought ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS I am highly indebted to Dr. Razia Sultana, Professor of History and Vice Chancellor, Shaheed Benazir Bhutto Women University Peshawar under whose kind guidance and supervision this doctoral dissertation has been finalized. Her caring attitude, whole hearted support and continuous encouragement were vital for its completion. Without her scholarly feedback and precious suggestion it would not have been possible to achieve the task. I am also thankful to all the faculty member in the Department of History, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, particularly, Dr. Sayed Wiqar Ali Shah for their encouragement and help. The staff at the Department has always been helpful in the research hazards. I am also grateful to my colleagues particularly Prof. Aslam Javed, Prof. Hafiz Aslam Awan, Prof. Syed Masiha Ahmad and Prof. Muhammad Zamir Janjua. I would like to pay my gratitude to the Staff of the Seminar Library, Department of History, National Institute of Historical & Cultural Research, National Institute of Pakistan Studies, Taxila Institute of Asian Civilizations and DRSM Library, Quaid-i- Azam University, Islamabad. I would also like to express my gratefulness to the staff of Central Library of International Islamic University, Institute of Policy Studies, National Archives of Pakistan, National Documentation Centre, Election Commission of Pakistan, National Assembly of Pakistan, Punjab Provincial Assembly Library, Senate of Pakistan Library, National Library of Pakistan, Department of History, Allama Iqbal Open University and Reference Cell of Press Information Department, Islamabad. I also owe gratitude to Prof. Dr. Javed Haider Syed, Prof. Dr. Iqbal Chawla, the staff of the Department of History and Central Library University of the Punjab, Research Society of Pakistan, Punjab Public Library, Punjab Archives, Lahore. I also wish to acknowledge with thanks the help numerous scholars and intellectual who shared their insight and experience with me during my research; (Late) Benazir Bhutto, Prof. Dr. M. Rafique Afzal, Ghazi Abdullah, Prof. Ghafoor Ahmad, Javed Ashraf Qazi, Haider Abbas Rizvi and Raza Rabbani. I am also thankful to Kamran Chishti, Nadia Mujahid, Shah Farrukh, Muhammad Zulqarnain Akhtar, Tauqeer Ahmad and Ahmad Bakhsh for their help in understanding Sindhi text, editing and technical support. I am deeply indebted to all my friends and well-wishers who were a constant source of encouragement throughout my work particularly Abdul Basit Mujahid, Dr. Syed Akmal Hussain Shah, Dr. Tariq Mehmood, Dr. Abdul Aziz Sahir, Dr. Malik Tauqeer Ahmad Khan, Muhammad Tayyab and Rashid Masood Kalyami, Syed Nasim Taqi Jaffary and Qari Muhammad Rafiq Shakir. My all achievements in life would not have been possible without the prayers and spiritual guidance of my father, Syed Gul Imam Shah (Late), my mother, my brother Syed Ijaz Hussian Shah my nephew Syed Waqas Hussain Shah and Aiziz Syed, my sons- in-laws Syed Awais Asghar and Syed Zain-ul-Abideen. My wife Roohi and children Roheen, Rida and Ali also deserve special thanks as they spared me to concentrate on my work while they needed my attention the most. I am also grateful to all my family and friends for their constant encouragement and good wishes. Introduction Statement of the Problem Pakistan has multi-cultural society with social and historic norms developed through evolutionary stages over centuries. The society in Pakistan is not homogenous. It has multi-ethnic society in four provinces governed under federal principles. Federal form of government comprises different cultural, social and racial groups. These groups co-exist in harmony. The political system of Pakistan is based on parliamentary system with federal structure and constitution. Under the system,