www.ijemr.net ISSN (ONLINE): 2250-0758, ISSN (PRINT): 2394-6962 Volume-6, Issue-5, September-October 2016 International Journal of Engineering and Management Research Page Number: 43-53 Statistical Analysis of Factors Affecting Wheat Production A Case Study at Walmara Woreda Agatamudi Lakshmana Rao1, Hirko Ketema2 1,2Department of Statistics, College of Natural Sciences, Jimma Uniiversity, Jimma, ETHIOPIA ABSTRACT and decline in productivity of crops and livestock This research is done based on the major factors enterprise. (Food agricultural organization .FAO 2006). that affect the production of wheat crop in the case of In our country, although there is favorable Walmara woreda. The aim of this study is to identify the climatic condition and rich in natural resources, food main factors that affect wheat production and to see the problem was not eliminating. The above situations are linear relationship between production of wheat which is true in the case of Oromia Special Zone Surrounding dependent variable and land size, pesticide, fertilizer, temperature and rainfall which are independent variables. Finfinne in Walmara Woreda. Walmara Woreda is one The data collection was done through secondary sources of 12 Woreda in Oromia Special Zone Surrounding that obtained from Oromia special zone Surrounding Finfinne. Administratively this Woreda is structured into Finfinne in Walmara woreda agriculture and rural 34 rural Kebeles and has total area of 83598.6 hectare. development office,Walmara woreda agricultural research Agriculture is the main economic source of the center and Walmara woreda cooperative association. In Woreda and approximately 96% of population directly this research we analysis both descriptive and inferential or indirectly depends on the livelihood on the sector. The statistics. major crops grown in Walmara Woreda are wheat, teff, From multiple linear regression model analysis maize, beans, barely and etc. Wheat production was the result finding indicate that some variables like land size and rainfall has negative effect on production. But other highest portion of all other crops. By considering these variables like pesticide, fertilizer and temperature has and other related concepts the study tries to asses with positive relationship with production. And some the identification of overall factor of wheat crop independent variables like land size, fertilizer, temperature production in this Woreda. and rainfall in the multiple linear regression analysis in the Wheat is the second cultivated species in the model is significant. That means at least one of the world next to maize 27 millions of production (Penal at parameters or coefficients of explanatory variables are as 2000).It is more adapted to drought and productive in different from zero. marginal area than maize. Wheat is the staple food for poor people living in marginal environments of the Keywords--- Wheat production, data collection, multiple Andean Zone North African, East Asia and Ethiopia linear regression and secondary sources (Efermetal 2000).It is traditional growth as rain fed crop often in place when the rainfalls limited, wheat is an indigenous, metalloid species and one of the I. INTRODUCTION predominant crop species growth in Ethiopia, but currently the size of land under cultivation is shirked. It 1.1 Back ground of the study is possesses immense diversity and Ethiopia has been Ethiopia is one of among the nation in recognized as secondary center of diversity for wheat developing country in the world and characterize by the (Hallan 1971).In Ethiopia wheat is mainly growth in low income and lower technology. The country was heavy black clay loom soil (vet soil) of low lands with mainly depending on agricultural activities and endow altitude ranges of 1800-2800m inclusively under rainfall with good climatic conditions and fertile soil for crop conditions (Tesfaye and Getachew 1991) thought the production. Various studies indicate that farmers in degree of production of varies. Wheat grown is all developing countries are depending on a farm income administrative region of Ethiopia, but 64% of the area and they are characterizing by the low income and and 69% of the production is contracted in the central deficiency in supply of food. This because, of and northern region. Wheat grain is widely used in bread technological backwardness, rapid population growth and to produce superior past products, also, popularly 43 Copyright © 2016. Vandana Publications. All Rights Reserved. www.ijemr.net ISSN (ONLINE): 2250-0758, ISSN (PRINT): 2394-6962 eaten in many areas as bulgur and cracks drum product of shortage of food as well as they are not competent on similarly to couscous (Di Solemn et al, 1975). the market without that the life of hand to mouth. So that In Ethiopia wheat is traditionally consumed in the aim of this study is to solve the above problem by different forms (Tesfaye and Getachew 1991) listed the underling the constraints and different strategies to adapt most common recipes in Ethiopia dabo (Ethiopia bread), by society to cope with the constraints and annual Ambush (bread from North Ethiopia), Kitta(unleavened production to identify weather the problem is really the bread), Injera (thin bread), Nitro(boiled problem of production. Therefore, the study attempts to grain),Dabokolo(ground and seasoned dough shaped and answer the following basic questions: deep fried), and Kinches(crushed kernels cooked with 1. What are the major challenges of wheat production in milk or water and mixed with spiced better).Wheat are the study area? traditional used inflate bread and specially bred 2. What are those factor affect wheat production in the particularly in Mediterranean countries and Ethiopia study area? (Quail, 1988), wheat has yellowish color a characteristics test and smell fine and uniform crumb II. METHODOLOGY structure and more prolonged shelf all which appeal to some consumer (Liuetal 1996) in Italy in the 10 last 2.1. Descriptions of the Study Area years the share of wheat used for bread making has This study was conducted in Oromia Special increased from 4%-10% . It has been reported that Zone Surrounding Finfinne in Walmara woreda. wheat used for baking performance improves as Gluten Walmara is one of the Woredas in the Oromia Region of becomes stronger, but loaf volumes achieved for best Ethiopia. It is one of 11 Woreda in Oromia Special Zone performing wheat verities are substantially lower than Surrounding Finfinne and the total population live in the that for (Palumboetal 2000). Woreda is estimated about 83,823 from whom 42,115 Agriculture or farming is the rearing of animals men and 41,708 women. It is bordered on the south by and production of cereal crops plants through cultivating the Sebeta Hawas, on the west by West Shewa Zone, on the soil (Mann ion, 1995 a.p.2). It is a manifestation of the North by Mulo, on the Northeast by the Sululta, and the interaction between people and the environment on the East by the city of Addis Ababa. The target through the nature of this interaction has evolved over a population of those farmers lives in the Woreda. The period of at least 10,000years. Near East around 10,000 district has 23 peasant associations and one town. Its years BP (Macneish, 1992).The domestication of plants total land area is about 83598.6 hectare. (Source: and animals spread from the near east into south Eastern Walmara Woreda Agricultural and rural development Europe where the combination of improved cultivation office). methods and an extensive trading network supported 2.2. Method of Data Collection first the Greek and then the Roman empires. It was this In our study, the data collection will be done by that gave rise to the term agriculture, which is derived using secondary source of data. The data was collect data from the Latin word ,”Agra “and the Greek word , “agro from Walmara Woreda agricultural and rural “,both meaning field and symbolizing the integral link development office, Walmara woreda research center between land based production and accompanying of and Walmara woreda cooperative association of the year the natural environment (Mannion,1995). 2000-2007 E.C. Thus, this study was based on secondary Agricultural geography includes work that source of data. spans a wide range of issues pertaining to the nature of 2.3. Method of Data Analysis/Statistical Analysis this hierarchy including the spatial distribution of cereal 2.3.1 Variable Identification /Variable Considered In crops and livestock. The system of management the Study employed the nature of linkages to the boarder The study variables to this research are: economic, social cultural, political and ecological Dependent (response) variable: systems, and the broad spectrum of food production, Yield of wheat crop(Y) (quintal) processing, marketing and consumption. The principal Independent (factor or explanatory) variables are: focus for research by agricultural geographers on the last • Land size(X1)(hectare) four decades has been the economic, social, and political • Pesticides(X2)(Lt) characteristics of agriculture and its linkages to both the • fertilizer uses(X3)(quintal) suppliers of inputs to the- agro-ecosystem and to the • rain fall(X )(mm) processing, sale and consumption of food products. 4 • Temperature(X )( P) However it should not be for gotten that at the heart of 5 2.4. Methods of statistical analysis farming activity, underlying the chain of food supply To accomplish the℃ data, the two broad areas of from farmers to consumers is a set of activities directly statistics which are descriptive and inferential statistics dependent up on the physical condition with in which will used. farming takes place. (Munton, 1992) 2.4.1 Descriptive statistics 1.2. Statement of Problem Descriptive statistics are utilized numerical and Even if the majority of the people in the Oromia graphical to present that information in a convenient Special Zone Surrounding Finfinne depends on form. It describes the data collected through charts, agriculture, most private land holds are face to problem frequency distribution, statistical graphs and so on.